This study investigates the dimensionless quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity(QG-PV)equation with external sources.Employing the Gardner-Morikawa transformation and weakly nonlinear perturbation expansion,we derive ...This study investigates the dimensionless quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity(QG-PV)equation with external sources.Employing the Gardner-Morikawa transformation and weakly nonlinear perturbation expansion,we derive the nonlinear Boussinesq equation with external sources.We demonstrate the existence of explicit zero-order and first-order Wronskian solutions for the model equation whenα4=0.Furthermore,using a modified Jacobi elliptic function method,we obtain soliton-like solutions for bothα4=0 andα4≠0.Analysis of these solutions reveals that the generalizedβ-plane approximation and shear flow are significant factors in inducing nonlinear Rossby waves,and that external sources play a crucial role in influencing Rossby wave behavior.展开更多
1.Introductio n With the rapid development of automotive intelligent technologies,in-vehicle vision sensors have gained traction as essential components of intelligent driving systems,providing critical road condition...1.Introductio n With the rapid development of automotive intelligent technologies,in-vehicle vision sensors have gained traction as essential components of intelligent driving systems,providing critical road condition data,assisting driving decisions,and enabling autonomous driving functions.Compared with other in-vehicle perception sensors,vision sensors deliver more detailed and comprehensive environmental information,offering vital data to support intelligent driving decision-making and control[1].Therefore,the accuracy and reliability of visual perception directly influence the safety and performance of intelligent driving systems,making it a central factor in achieving truly intelligent and autonomous vehicles.Fig.1 illustrates the vision sensing in intelligent driving.展开更多
In this study,FeCrxMnAlCu(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)high-entropy alloys were fabricated using vacuum arc melting,and the corrosion behavior of these alloys in 3.5wt%NaCl solution at room temperature was investigated by e...In this study,FeCrxMnAlCu(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)high-entropy alloys were fabricated using vacuum arc melting,and the corrosion behavior of these alloys in 3.5wt%NaCl solution at room temperature was investigated by electrochemical dynamic potential polarization curves and immersion experiments.The microstructure results show that the high-entropy alloy with x=0 has a body-centered cubic phase structure,whereas the high-entropy alloys with x=0.5–2.0 have a mixed face-centered cubic+body-centered cubic dual-phase structure.The corrosion results show that the corrosion resistance of the high-entropy alloy is increased with the increase in Cr content.Among them,the high-entropy alloy with x=2.0 exhibits the optimal corrosion resistance:the highest self-corrosion potential(Ecorr=−0.354 V vs.Ag/AgCl),the smallest self-corrosion current density(Icorr=1.991×10−6A·cm−2),and the smallest corrosion rate(0.0292 mm/a).The composite passivation film of oxides and hydroxides is formed on the surface of the corroded high-entropy alloys,and the Cr2O3content is increased with the increase in Cr content,which effectively improves the stability and protective properties of the passivation film.展开更多
In this paper,we prove the global existence of strong solutions to a two-dimensional(2D)Keller-Segel-Navier-Stokes system with subcritical sensitivity in a bounded domain.Using energy methods,interpolation inequalitie...In this paper,we prove the global existence of strong solutions to a two-dimensional(2D)Keller-Segel-Navier-Stokes system with subcritical sensitivity in a bounded domain.Using energy methods,interpolation inequalities and the Gronwall lemma,we establish uniform a priori estimates for the solutions.We prove the existence and uniqueness of global strong solutions under appropriate initial conditions,along with higher-order Sobolev regularity of solutions.The result extends existing conclusions and enriches the global wellposedness theory for chemotaxis-fluid coupled models.展开更多
Seismic isolation design typically emphasizes transverse responses of tunnels,with comparatively limited research on longitudinal isolation responses.Previous analytical solutions for isolation response are inapplicab...Seismic isolation design typically emphasizes transverse responses of tunnels,with comparatively limited research on longitudinal isolation responses.Previous analytical solutions for isolation response are inapplicable to variable stiffness tunnels.To address research gaps,analytical solutions for longitudinal seismic responses of variable stiffness tunnels with isolation layers are proposed.The solution can be applied to engineering practice.The mechanical model of isolation layers is developed using the Kelvin model.The variable stiffness tunnel is simplified as two semi-infinite beams embedded in homogeneous and isotropic soil layers.Governing equations are solved using integral transformations and continuity conditions.Analytical expressions are obtained by introducing displacement phase angles to simulate traveling wave effects.The proposed analytical solutions are validated through comparisons with results from existing literature and verified using numerical simulations.Parametric sensitivity analyses are conducted to investigate effects of tunnels with and without an isolation layer,isolation layer thickness and elastic modulus,tunnel stiffness ratio,and wavelength and amplitude of shear waves on seismic responses of variable stiffness tunnels.Changes in stiffness have a more significant effect on internal forces than displacements.Additionally,isolation layer's thickness and elastic modulus can be optimized through our method to balance structural performance and economic efficiency.展开更多
This paper addresses the existence of multiple nonradial and radial normalized solutions for the following Kirchhoff-type equations{-(a+b∫Rn|▽u|2dx)△u=f(x)-pu in RN,||u||2L^(2RN)=m,u∈H1(RN)...This paper addresses the existence of multiple nonradial and radial normalized solutions for the following Kirchhoff-type equations{-(a+b∫Rn|▽u|2dx)△u=f(x)-pu in RN,||u||2L^(2RN)=m,u∈H1(RN),where f∈C(R,R),a,b>0 are constants,μ∈R is not fixed and instead appears as a Lagrange multiplier and m>0 is a given constant.In a mass subcritical case,using a version of the minimax theorem([32,Theorem 2.1])for a class of constrained even functionals,we demonstrate the existence of one nonradial normalized solution when N≥4.Additionally,if N≥4 and N≠5,we obtain multiple nonradial normalized solutions.Moreover,the existence of infinitely many radial normalized solutions is explored for N≥2.Furthermore,all solutions discussed above are sign-changing.As a supplementary result,we also prove the nonexistence of nontrivial solutions.Lastly,we analyze the asymptotic behavior of all solutions obtained above as b→0.展开更多
Simultaneously preparing sodium silicate solution with high modulus and obtaining aluminum concentrate with high Al/Si ratio from activated roasting clinker is the key to a new method for clean utilization of coal fly...Simultaneously preparing sodium silicate solution with high modulus and obtaining aluminum concentrate with high Al/Si ratio from activated roasting clinker is the key to a new method for clean utilization of coal fly ash.This study systematically investigates the leaching mechanism of SiO2 from activated roasting clinker in sodium silicate solution and proposes an optimized leaching process.The colloidal particles formed by the condensation of siloxane groups increase the diffusion resistance of the leaching agent in the capillary pores,and the SiO2 deep inside the pores is difficult to contact with the leaching agent,which is an important reason for the insufficient leaching of SiO2 in high modulus sodium silicate solution.A two-stage countercurrent leaching process proposed can simultaneously prepare sodium silicate solution with modulus greater than 2.5 and aluminum concentrate with high Al/Si ratio exceeding 11.This work provides a potential application solution for the development of clean and economically feasible technologies for the utilization of fly ash.展开更多
To investigate the effect of solution treatment and aging process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TB18 titanium alloy,process optimization research was conducted based on the mixed-level ...To investigate the effect of solution treatment and aging process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TB18 titanium alloy,process optimization research was conducted based on the mixed-level orthogonal experiment design of factor levels.Results show that through range analysis,the significance order of process parameters is determined as follows:solution cooling method>solution temperature>aging time>aging temperature>solution time.Considering the strength-ductility matching and engineering application requirements,the benchmark parameters are selected as solution time of 1 h,solution cooling method of air cooling(AC),aging temperature of 525℃,and aging time of 4 h.Furthermore,the effects of solution temperature in the range of 790–870℃ on the impact toughness and micro-fracture characteristics of the alloy were studied.The results reveal that the larger the area of shear lip and fibrous zone,and the smaller the area of radiation zone,the better the toughness of the alloy.With the increase in solution temperature,the length of secondary cracks on the fracture surface increases,the number of dimples increases,and the toughness is enhanced.Based on the collaborative optimization of strength and toughness,the optimal heat treatment process for TB18 alloy is determined as 870℃/1 h,AC+525℃/4 h,AC.展开更多
Inverters play an essential and indispensable role in energy conversion within modern electrical power systems.Conventional two-level inverters(2LIs)have been widely adopted across industrial applications due to their...Inverters play an essential and indispensable role in energy conversion within modern electrical power systems.Conventional two-level inverters(2LIs)have been widely adopted across industrial applications due to their simple structure and mature control strategies.However,2LIs exhibit several limitations when interfacing with utility-scale grid systems,including higher harmonic distortion,increased switching stress,and reduced efficiency in high-voltage and high-power operations.Multilevel Inverters(MLIs)have emerged as a transformative solution,enabling high-voltage and high-power applications with improved efficiency and significantly lower harmonic distortion compared to traditional two-level configurations.This review investigates the broad range of applications of 2LIs,along with their operational constraints,and provides a comprehensive overview of major MLI topologies,including neutral-point-clamped(NPC),flying-capacitor(FC),cascaded H-bridge(CHB),hybrid structures,transformer-based converters,and matrix converters.Key modulation and control techniques are also discussed,such as SPWM,SHE,SVPWM and random PWM.Furthermore,this paper highlights the practical deployment of MLIs in industrial motor drives,renewable energy integration,uninterruptible power supplies,and energy storage systems.Beyond technical aspects,global trends in inverter development are examined by comparing efficiencies,capabilities,and challenges among major manufacturers worldwide.Overall,MLIs are presented as scalable,efficient,and reliable converter solutions for the future of industrial and utility-scale power systems,offering valuable insight into current advancements and promising research directions.展开更多
This paper proposes the analytical solutions involving damping effects for the dynamic response of a simply supported thin-walled curved beam under uniformly variable two-axle moving loads in four directions:vertical,...This paper proposes the analytical solutions involving damping effects for the dynamic response of a simply supported thin-walled curved beam under uniformly variable two-axle moving loads in four directions:vertical,torsional,radial,and axial.The warping stiffness and damping of the thin-walled beam were comprehensively considered in the vibration control equations.Unlike traditional one-axle load cases,this study employs a more realistic two-axle vehicle load model.Based on the modal superposition method,the control vibration equations for thin-walled curved beams in-plane and out-ofplane under variable speed moving loads were solved using a combination of the Fourier sine transform method,the Galerkin method,and the Laplace transform method.Analytical solutions for the dynamic responses were derived in integral form,facilitating direct numerical computation.The proposed computational method’s effectiveness and accuracy were validated against published research.Subsequently,the dynamic responses of the thin-walled curved beam under one-axle and two-axle moving load models were compared,and the effects of initial load velocity,load acceleration,and center angle of the curved beam on the dynamic responses were investigated through extensive parameter research.The research results provide valuable insights into the structural behavior of thin-walled curved beams under the moving loading with variable speed.展开更多
The present is concerned with the study of blow-up and global existence of the spherically symmetric solutions for the incompressible Euler equations in RN for any dimension N≥2.The approach is to construct explicit ...The present is concerned with the study of blow-up and global existence of the spherically symmetric solutions for the incompressible Euler equations in RN for any dimension N≥2.The approach is to construct explicit solution with spherical symmetry to study certain blow-up and no blow-up phenomena of solutions to the incompressible Euler equation in RN.展开更多
Piezoelectric quasicrystals(PQCs),characterized by unique phonon-phason coupling and piezoelectric effects,exhibit significant potential for use in next-generation smart structural devices.However,their complex electr...Piezoelectric quasicrystals(PQCs),characterized by unique phonon-phason coupling and piezoelectric effects,exhibit significant potential for use in next-generation smart structural devices.However,their complex electrothermomechanical buckling behavior remains a challenging analytical problem.This paper presents a symplectic electrothermomechanical buckling model for two-dimensional(2D)decagonal PQC cylindrical shells.By using the symplectic mathematics and Donnell's thin shell theory,the governing buckling equations for axially compressed PQC cylindrical shells are reformulated into a Hamiltonian system.Consequently,the original buckling problem is transformed into a symplectic eigenproblem that can be solved directly,obviating the necessity of trial functions.By use of the symplectic eigenfunction expansion,analytical symplectic buckling equations are obtained,allowing the critical buckling loads and buckling mode shapes to be solved simultaneously.The results indicate that,in addition to the geometry,voltage,and temperature,the phonon-phason-electric coupling inherent in PQC materials significantly influences the critical buckling loads.These analytical results provide a reliable reference for validating other computational approaches.展开更多
Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analyt...Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analytical solution to determine the longitudinal mechanical responses of tunnels subjected to the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting.Adopting the elastic springbeam model,the seismic waves are modelled as shear horizontal(SH)waves and the fault dislocation follows an S-shaped pattern;the superposition principle for free-fielddisplacements caused by both effects is assumed.In addition,the transmission and reflectionof seismic waves at the fault-rock geological interface and the tangential contact conditions at the tunnel-rock interface are considered.The analytical model is validated against numerical simulations,confirmingits accuracy in calculating tunnel responses.Moreover,a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the impact of key factors,including fault displacement,fault zone width,fault dip angle,earthquake frequency,rock conditions,tunnel lining stiffness,and tangential contact conditions,on tunnel responses.Compared with each effect alone,the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting significantlychange the tunnel deformation and internal forces,leading to increased tunnel responses,especially within the fault zone and near the fault-rock interfaces.Depending on specificparameters,tunnel responses can be classifiedinto seismic-dominated,faulting-dominated,and seismic-faulting coupled responses on the basis of the relative contributions of each effect.The proposed analytical solution can be applied to quickly predict the longitudinal mechanical behaviour of tunnels under such combined effects in engineering applications.展开更多
Heat conduction in multi-layered geomaterials was a pervasive phenomenon in various engineering applications,such as nuclear waste repositories,energy piles,and abandoned oil wells.The incomplete contact between adjac...Heat conduction in multi-layered geomaterials was a pervasive phenomenon in various engineering applications,such as nuclear waste repositories,energy piles,and abandoned oil wells.The incomplete contact between adjacent geomaterials will impede the heat transfer at interfaces,known as the interfacial thermal resistance effect.In this regard,a two-dimensional axisymmetric mathematical model for transient heat conduction in multi-layered geomaterials with interfacial thermal resistance was established.Employing Green's function formalism,the thermal transport system was mathematically resolved through a closed-form analytical solution that provides continuum-level characterization of thermal evolution across all spatial-temporal coordinates.A numerical model for threelayered geomaterials and a benchmark test for double-layered geomaterials were constructed to verify the analytical solution.Finally,the solution was applied to simulate the temperature evolutions in a nuclear waste repository with three-and four-layered barrier systems with interfacial thermal resistance.The results indicated that the existence of interfacial thermal resistance caused heat accumulation at interfaces,thereby resulting in an increase in overall temperature within the repository.Moreover,the temperature rises in the bentonite block layer and bentonite granule layer were obviously greater than that in the surrounding rock.Due to the interfacial thermal resistance effect,a notable temperature difference was observed at the interfaces.Specifically,for every increment of 0.03(K m2)/W in interfacial thermal resistance,the temperature difference increased by 1.5℃.A comparative analysis of temperature fieldsin repositories with three-and four-layered barrier systems revealed that the gap between the canister and bentonite block significantlyaffects the peak temperature in the buffer layer.展开更多
Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development...Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development of mechanization,wide-row spacing substrate cultivation became an optimize mode of the greenhouse cucumber cultivation,aligning with the trend of intelligent agriculture.To determine the optimal nutrient solution supply amount(NS)and supply frequency(SF)for promoting the integrated growth of cucumber under wide-row spacing substrate cultivation,we explored the effects of substrate supply amount(SS),NS,and SF on cucumber yield,quality,and element utilization efficiency.A five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design with three experimental factors(NS,SF,and SS)was implemented for 23 coupling treatments over three growing seasons,including spring(2022S and 2023S)and autumn(2022A).The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)combining weights based on game theory was applied to construct cucumber comprehensive growth evaluation model.Single and two experimental factors analyses revealed significant effects of single factors and the coupling of NS-SS,NS-SF and SS-SF on the integrated growth of cucumber for all three growing seasons.For the NS-SF-SS combination,the optimal parameters for comprehensive cucumber growth were determined as follows:levels of-1.68 for NS,-0.7 for SF,and-1.682 for SS in 2022A;-0.43 for NS,-0.06 for SF,and 0.34 for SS in 2022S;0.3 for NS,-0.02 for SF,and 0.04 for SS in 2023S.Furthermore,for SS ranges of 2.00-3.01,3.01-4.50,4.50-5.99,5.99-7.00(L·plant-1),the corresponding NS and SF intervals maximizing cucumber integrated growth in spring were:0.28-0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),0.26-0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),0.25-0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),0.23-0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),respectively.With the same SS,the corresponding NS and SF intervals that maximized cucumber integrated growth in autumn were:0.10(L·plant-1)and 8(times·d-1),0.18(L·plant-1)and 7(times·d-1),0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),0.49(L·plant-1)and 5(times·d-1),respectively.The results provide a theoretical basis for solution management,and further in-depth research on cucumber cultivation.展开更多
In this paper,we study a class of Laplacian-like equation.We first deduce the Pohozaev identity of the equation and consider the minimum of the functional on the Pohozaev manifold and then study the properties of the ...In this paper,we study a class of Laplacian-like equation.We first deduce the Pohozaev identity of the equation and consider the minimum of the functional on the Pohozaev manifold and then study the properties of the minimum energy of the functional.Based on the properties obtained,we prove the existence of normalized solution to the equation.展开更多
The Navier-Stokes(NS)equation with Coriolis force and density-dependent viscosity is an important physical model,which has been widely used to understand and analyze a wide array of phenomena,including behaviors of th...The Navier-Stokes(NS)equation with Coriolis force and density-dependent viscosity is an important physical model,which has been widely used to understand and analyze a wide array of phenomena,including behaviors of the Gulf stream,dynamics of hurricanes,operation of chemical reactors and functionality of rotating machines.In this paper,based on the matrix and curve integration techniques,we build a sufficient condition for the existence of Cartesian vector solutions u=b(t)+A(t)x for the N-dimensional NS equation,in which A satisfies appropriate matrix equations.Then,we discuss two special cases of A and thereby explicit analytical solutions are obtained.To shed light on these solutions,we give some illustrative examples.Among them,some examples form the generalization previously obtained by other authors and some examples are quite new.Finally,we analyze the properties of Cartesian vector solutions in a special case.展开更多
This study reported the synthesis of magnetic solid solutions V2(AxBySn1-x-y)C(where A and B are Mn,Fe,or Co)MAX phases.These materials were prepared by incorporating magnetic elements into the V2SnC MAX p...This study reported the synthesis of magnetic solid solutions V2(AxBySn1-x-y)C(where A and B are Mn,Fe,or Co)MAX phases.These materials were prepared by incorporating magnetic elements into the V2SnC MAX phase via pressure-less sintering at 1000℃for 3 hours.XRD analysis reveals that the composition with x=y=0.2 exhibits a shift of diffraction peaks to higher angles,indicating lattice parameter changes,and achieves the highest phase purity with the maximum solid solution limit,further increases in the dopant content led to the formation of impurities.While the solid solution of magnetic elements preserves the characteristic layered structure of the MAX phase,it successfully induces magnetic properties.The magnetic transition temperatures for these solid solutions ranges from 61 to 200 K.Specifically,V2(MnxCoySn1-x-y)C demonstrated hard magnetic characteristics,with a high saturation magnetization(6.536 emu/g)and large remanence(4.236 emu/g).In contrast,V2(MnxFeySn1-x-y)C and V2(FexCoySn1-x-y)C exhibits soft magnetic behavior,evidenced by their narrow hysteresis loops and low coercivity.Their saturation magnetization values are 3.80 and 1.784 emu/g,respectively.The distinctly"S"-shaped hysteresis loop of V2(FexCoySn1-x-y)C further confirms its soft magnetic nature.展开更多
In this paper,we are interested in the existence of solutions for the following Choquard type Brezis-Nirenberg problem{-△u=(∫Ωu6-α(y)/|x-y|α)u5-α+λu,inΩ,u>0,inΩ,u=0,on■Ω,whereΩis a smooth bo...In this paper,we are interested in the existence of solutions for the following Choquard type Brezis-Nirenberg problem{-△u=(∫Ωu6-α(y)/|x-y|α)u5-α+λu,inΩ,u>0,inΩ,u=0,on■Ω,whereΩis a smooth bounded domain in R3,α∈(0,3),6−αis the upper critical exponent in the sense of the Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality,andλis a real positive parameter.By applying the reduction argument,we find and characterize a positive valueλ0 such that ifλ-λ0>0 is small enough,then the above problem admits a solution,which blows up and concentrates at the critical point of the Robin function asλ→λ0.Moreover,we consider the above problem under zero Neumann boundary condition.展开更多
Amine-based absorption has been regarded as the benchmark technology for CO2capture because of its high processing capacity and relatively mature process.However,its high-energy consumption associated with solvent ...Amine-based absorption has been regarded as the benchmark technology for CO2capture because of its high processing capacity and relatively mature process.However,its high-energy consumption associated with solvent regeneration severely limits large-scale deployment.In recent years,catalytic regeneration has emerged as a promising process intensification strategy to reduce regeneration energy consumption.By employing catalysts,the energy barriers for carbamate and bicarbonate decomposition can be largely reduced through enhanced proton transfer,acid-base cooperativity,and interfacial mass transport.This review provides a critical overview of recent advances in the catalytic regeneration of CO2-rich amine solutions.Acid catalysts are first classified according to material types and structural features.The catalytic mechanisms proposed for different systems are then discussed,together with catalyst deactivation and stability issues.Furthermore,emerging data-driven catalyst design strategies based on machine learning,as well as process-level evaluations using Aspen simulations,are summarized.Finally,recent pilot-scale demonstrations and the integration of catalytic regeneration with other process intensification technologies are reviewed.Key challenges and future research prospects are identified,including catalyst durability under alkaline conditions,solvent-catalyst compatibility,quantitative identification of active sites in liquid environments,and full-process energy optimization.This review aims to provide insight into the rational development of catalytic regeneration of amine solution for energy-efficient CO2capture technologies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12362027)the Scientific Research Ability of Youth Teachers of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Grant No.BR230110)+3 种基金Inner Mongolia National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(Grant No.2025YQ033)Foundation for Basic Science Research Initiation at Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Grant No.JC2021001)The Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2025MS01020)Supported by the Basic and Applied Basic Research Science and Technology Program Projects of Hohhot(2025-rule-basic-60).
摘要This study investigates the dimensionless quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity(QG-PV)equation with external sources.Employing the Gardner-Morikawa transformation and weakly nonlinear perturbation expansion,we derive the nonlinear Boussinesq equation with external sources.We demonstrate the existence of explicit zero-order and first-order Wronskian solutions for the model equation whenα4=0.Furthermore,using a modified Jacobi elliptic function method,we obtain soliton-like solutions for bothα4=0 andα4≠0.Analysis of these solutions reveals that the generalizedβ-plane approximation and shear flow are significant factors in inducing nonlinear Rossby waves,and that external sources play a crucial role in influencing Rossby wave behavior.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52102438)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711803 and 2024T170482)the State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility。
摘要1.Introductio n With the rapid development of automotive intelligent technologies,in-vehicle vision sensors have gained traction as essential components of intelligent driving systems,providing critical road condition data,assisting driving decisions,and enabling autonomous driving functions.Compared with other in-vehicle perception sensors,vision sensors deliver more detailed and comprehensive environmental information,offering vital data to support intelligent driving decision-making and control[1].Therefore,the accuracy and reliability of visual perception directly influence the safety and performance of intelligent driving systems,making it a central factor in achieving truly intelligent and autonomous vehicles.Fig.1 illustrates the vision sensing in intelligent driving.
基金Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Major Special Program(24ZDWA008)Fourth Batch of Top Leading Talents Fund Projects in Gansu Province(ZZ2023G50100013)。
摘要In this study,FeCrxMnAlCu(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)high-entropy alloys were fabricated using vacuum arc melting,and the corrosion behavior of these alloys in 3.5wt%NaCl solution at room temperature was investigated by electrochemical dynamic potential polarization curves and immersion experiments.The microstructure results show that the high-entropy alloy with x=0 has a body-centered cubic phase structure,whereas the high-entropy alloys with x=0.5–2.0 have a mixed face-centered cubic+body-centered cubic dual-phase structure.The corrosion results show that the corrosion resistance of the high-entropy alloy is increased with the increase in Cr content.Among them,the high-entropy alloy with x=2.0 exhibits the optimal corrosion resistance:the highest self-corrosion potential(Ecorr=−0.354 V vs.Ag/AgCl),the smallest self-corrosion current density(Icorr=1.991×10−6A·cm−2),and the smallest corrosion rate(0.0292 mm/a).The composite passivation film of oxides and hydroxides is formed on the surface of the corroded high-entropy alloys,and the Cr2O3content is increased with the increase in Cr content,which effectively improves the stability and protective properties of the passivation film.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12171459)the Key Project of University Natural Science of Anhui Province(2023AH052096)。
摘要In this paper,we prove the global existence of strong solutions to a two-dimensional(2D)Keller-Segel-Navier-Stokes system with subcritical sensitivity in a bounded domain.Using energy methods,interpolation inequalities and the Gronwall lemma,we establish uniform a priori estimates for the solutions.We prove the existence and uniqueness of global strong solutions under appropriate initial conditions,along with higher-order Sobolev regularity of solutions.The result extends existing conclusions and enriches the global wellposedness theory for chemotaxis-fluid coupled models.
基金Project(52108363)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2021M700654,2023T160074)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(2025BS0214)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China。
摘要Seismic isolation design typically emphasizes transverse responses of tunnels,with comparatively limited research on longitudinal isolation responses.Previous analytical solutions for isolation response are inapplicable to variable stiffness tunnels.To address research gaps,analytical solutions for longitudinal seismic responses of variable stiffness tunnels with isolation layers are proposed.The solution can be applied to engineering practice.The mechanical model of isolation layers is developed using the Kelvin model.The variable stiffness tunnel is simplified as two semi-infinite beams embedded in homogeneous and isotropic soil layers.Governing equations are solved using integral transformations and continuity conditions.Analytical expressions are obtained by introducing displacement phase angles to simulate traveling wave effects.The proposed analytical solutions are validated through comparisons with results from existing literature and verified using numerical simulations.Parametric sensitivity analyses are conducted to investigate effects of tunnels with and without an isolation layer,isolation layer thickness and elastic modulus,tunnel stiffness ratio,and wavelength and amplitude of shear waves on seismic responses of variable stiffness tunnels.Changes in stiffness have a more significant effect on internal forces than displacements.Additionally,isolation layer's thickness and elastic modulus can be optimized through our method to balance structural performance and economic efficiency.
基金supported by the NSFC(12071486,12001114)the Major State Basic Research of Higher Education of He’nan Provincial of China(17A110019).
摘要This paper addresses the existence of multiple nonradial and radial normalized solutions for the following Kirchhoff-type equations{-(a+b∫Rn|▽u|2dx)△u=f(x)-pu in RN,||u||2L^(2RN)=m,u∈H1(RN),where f∈C(R,R),a,b>0 are constants,μ∈R is not fixed and instead appears as a Lagrange multiplier and m>0 is a given constant.In a mass subcritical case,using a version of the minimax theorem([32,Theorem 2.1])for a class of constrained even functionals,we demonstrate the existence of one nonradial normalized solution when N≥4.Additionally,if N≥4 and N≠5,we obtain multiple nonradial normalized solutions.Moreover,the existence of infinitely many radial normalized solutions is explored for N≥2.Furthermore,all solutions discussed above are sign-changing.As a supplementary result,we also prove the nonexistence of nontrivial solutions.Lastly,we analyze the asymptotic behavior of all solutions obtained above as b→0.
基金Project(52374362)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022YFC3900901)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China。
摘要Simultaneously preparing sodium silicate solution with high modulus and obtaining aluminum concentrate with high Al/Si ratio from activated roasting clinker is the key to a new method for clean utilization of coal fly ash.This study systematically investigates the leaching mechanism of SiO2 from activated roasting clinker in sodium silicate solution and proposes an optimized leaching process.The colloidal particles formed by the condensation of siloxane groups increase the diffusion resistance of the leaching agent in the capillary pores,and the SiO2 deep inside the pores is difficult to contact with the leaching agent,which is an important reason for the insufficient leaching of SiO2 in high modulus sodium silicate solution.A two-stage countercurrent leaching process proposed can simultaneously prepare sodium silicate solution with modulus greater than 2.5 and aluminum concentrate with high Al/Si ratio exceeding 11.This work provides a potential application solution for the development of clean and economically feasible technologies for the utilization of fly ash.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52431001)。
摘要To investigate the effect of solution treatment and aging process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TB18 titanium alloy,process optimization research was conducted based on the mixed-level orthogonal experiment design of factor levels.Results show that through range analysis,the significance order of process parameters is determined as follows:solution cooling method>solution temperature>aging time>aging temperature>solution time.Considering the strength-ductility matching and engineering application requirements,the benchmark parameters are selected as solution time of 1 h,solution cooling method of air cooling(AC),aging temperature of 525℃,and aging time of 4 h.Furthermore,the effects of solution temperature in the range of 790–870℃ on the impact toughness and micro-fracture characteristics of the alloy were studied.The results reveal that the larger the area of shear lip and fibrous zone,and the smaller the area of radiation zone,the better the toughness of the alloy.With the increase in solution temperature,the length of secondary cracks on the fracture surface increases,the number of dimples increases,and the toughness is enhanced.Based on the collaborative optimization of strength and toughness,the optimal heat treatment process for TB18 alloy is determined as 870℃/1 h,AC+525℃/4 h,AC.
摘要Inverters play an essential and indispensable role in energy conversion within modern electrical power systems.Conventional two-level inverters(2LIs)have been widely adopted across industrial applications due to their simple structure and mature control strategies.However,2LIs exhibit several limitations when interfacing with utility-scale grid systems,including higher harmonic distortion,increased switching stress,and reduced efficiency in high-voltage and high-power operations.Multilevel Inverters(MLIs)have emerged as a transformative solution,enabling high-voltage and high-power applications with improved efficiency and significantly lower harmonic distortion compared to traditional two-level configurations.This review investigates the broad range of applications of 2LIs,along with their operational constraints,and provides a comprehensive overview of major MLI topologies,including neutral-point-clamped(NPC),flying-capacitor(FC),cascaded H-bridge(CHB),hybrid structures,transformer-based converters,and matrix converters.Key modulation and control techniques are also discussed,such as SPWM,SHE,SVPWM and random PWM.Furthermore,this paper highlights the practical deployment of MLIs in industrial motor drives,renewable energy integration,uninterruptible power supplies,and energy storage systems.Beyond technical aspects,global trends in inverter development are examined by comparing efficiencies,capabilities,and challenges among major manufacturers worldwide.Overall,MLIs are presented as scalable,efficient,and reliable converter solutions for the future of industrial and utility-scale power systems,offering valuable insight into current advancements and promising research directions.
基金supported by the National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Construction Technology(Grant No.HSR202302).
摘要This paper proposes the analytical solutions involving damping effects for the dynamic response of a simply supported thin-walled curved beam under uniformly variable two-axle moving loads in four directions:vertical,torsional,radial,and axial.The warping stiffness and damping of the thin-walled beam were comprehensively considered in the vibration control equations.Unlike traditional one-axle load cases,this study employs a more realistic two-axle vehicle load model.Based on the modal superposition method,the control vibration equations for thin-walled curved beams in-plane and out-ofplane under variable speed moving loads were solved using a combination of the Fourier sine transform method,the Galerkin method,and the Laplace transform method.Analytical solutions for the dynamic responses were derived in integral form,facilitating direct numerical computation.The proposed computational method’s effectiveness and accuracy were validated against published research.Subsequently,the dynamic responses of the thin-walled curved beam under one-axle and two-axle moving load models were compared,and the effects of initial load velocity,load acceleration,and center angle of the curved beam on the dynamic responses were investigated through extensive parameter research.The research results provide valuable insights into the structural behavior of thin-walled curved beams under the moving loading with variable speed.
基金supported by the NSFC(12571253)the GUFS(2025RC025)。
摘要The present is concerned with the study of blow-up and global existence of the spherically symmetric solutions for the incompressible Euler equations in RN for any dimension N≥2.The approach is to construct explicit solution with spherical symmetry to study certain blow-up and no blow-up phenomena of solutions to the incompressible Euler equation in RN.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12572101 and 12502105)the Fundamental Research Funds for Undergraduate Universities of Liaoning Province of China(Nos.LJ212510152007,LJBKY2024033,and LJBKY2025008)the Science and Technology Plan Joint Program of Liaoning Province of China(the Natural Science Foundation-Doctoral Research Launch Project)(No.2024-BSLH-027).
摘要Piezoelectric quasicrystals(PQCs),characterized by unique phonon-phason coupling and piezoelectric effects,exhibit significant potential for use in next-generation smart structural devices.However,their complex electrothermomechanical buckling behavior remains a challenging analytical problem.This paper presents a symplectic electrothermomechanical buckling model for two-dimensional(2D)decagonal PQC cylindrical shells.By using the symplectic mathematics and Donnell's thin shell theory,the governing buckling equations for axially compressed PQC cylindrical shells are reformulated into a Hamiltonian system.Consequently,the original buckling problem is transformed into a symplectic eigenproblem that can be solved directly,obviating the necessity of trial functions.By use of the symplectic eigenfunction expansion,analytical symplectic buckling equations are obtained,allowing the critical buckling loads and buckling mode shapes to be solved simultaneously.The results indicate that,in addition to the geometry,voltage,and temperature,the phonon-phason-electric coupling inherent in PQC materials significantly influences the critical buckling loads.These analytical results provide a reliable reference for validating other computational approaches.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41941018)Shanghai Gaofeng Discipline Construction Funding.
摘要Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analytical solution to determine the longitudinal mechanical responses of tunnels subjected to the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting.Adopting the elastic springbeam model,the seismic waves are modelled as shear horizontal(SH)waves and the fault dislocation follows an S-shaped pattern;the superposition principle for free-fielddisplacements caused by both effects is assumed.In addition,the transmission and reflectionof seismic waves at the fault-rock geological interface and the tangential contact conditions at the tunnel-rock interface are considered.The analytical model is validated against numerical simulations,confirmingits accuracy in calculating tunnel responses.Moreover,a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the impact of key factors,including fault displacement,fault zone width,fault dip angle,earthquake frequency,rock conditions,tunnel lining stiffness,and tangential contact conditions,on tunnel responses.Compared with each effect alone,the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting significantlychange the tunnel deformation and internal forces,leading to increased tunnel responses,especially within the fault zone and near the fault-rock interfaces.Depending on specificparameters,tunnel responses can be classifiedinto seismic-dominated,faulting-dominated,and seismic-faulting coupled responses on the basis of the relative contributions of each effect.The proposed analytical solution can be applied to quickly predict the longitudinal mechanical behaviour of tunnels under such combined effects in engineering applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52378354 and 12572457)the Talent Research Initiation Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Technology(Grant No.YKJ202323).
摘要Heat conduction in multi-layered geomaterials was a pervasive phenomenon in various engineering applications,such as nuclear waste repositories,energy piles,and abandoned oil wells.The incomplete contact between adjacent geomaterials will impede the heat transfer at interfaces,known as the interfacial thermal resistance effect.In this regard,a two-dimensional axisymmetric mathematical model for transient heat conduction in multi-layered geomaterials with interfacial thermal resistance was established.Employing Green's function formalism,the thermal transport system was mathematically resolved through a closed-form analytical solution that provides continuum-level characterization of thermal evolution across all spatial-temporal coordinates.A numerical model for threelayered geomaterials and a benchmark test for double-layered geomaterials were constructed to verify the analytical solution.Finally,the solution was applied to simulate the temperature evolutions in a nuclear waste repository with three-and four-layered barrier systems with interfacial thermal resistance.The results indicated that the existence of interfacial thermal resistance caused heat accumulation at interfaces,thereby resulting in an increase in overall temperature within the repository.Moreover,the temperature rises in the bentonite block layer and bentonite granule layer were obviously greater than that in the surrounding rock.Due to the interfacial thermal resistance effect,a notable temperature difference was observed at the interfaces.Specifically,for every increment of 0.03(K m2)/W in interfacial thermal resistance,the temperature difference increased by 1.5℃.A comparative analysis of temperature fieldsin repositories with three-and four-layered barrier systems revealed that the gap between the canister and bentonite block significantlyaffects the peak temperature in the buffer layer.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-23-D06)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.2024NC2-GJHX-29 and 2024NC-ZDCYL-05-08)Shaanxi Agricultural Collaborative Innovation and Extension Alliance Project(Grant No.LMZD202202).
摘要Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development of mechanization,wide-row spacing substrate cultivation became an optimize mode of the greenhouse cucumber cultivation,aligning with the trend of intelligent agriculture.To determine the optimal nutrient solution supply amount(NS)and supply frequency(SF)for promoting the integrated growth of cucumber under wide-row spacing substrate cultivation,we explored the effects of substrate supply amount(SS),NS,and SF on cucumber yield,quality,and element utilization efficiency.A five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design with three experimental factors(NS,SF,and SS)was implemented for 23 coupling treatments over three growing seasons,including spring(2022S and 2023S)and autumn(2022A).The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)combining weights based on game theory was applied to construct cucumber comprehensive growth evaluation model.Single and two experimental factors analyses revealed significant effects of single factors and the coupling of NS-SS,NS-SF and SS-SF on the integrated growth of cucumber for all three growing seasons.For the NS-SF-SS combination,the optimal parameters for comprehensive cucumber growth were determined as follows:levels of-1.68 for NS,-0.7 for SF,and-1.682 for SS in 2022A;-0.43 for NS,-0.06 for SF,and 0.34 for SS in 2022S;0.3 for NS,-0.02 for SF,and 0.04 for SS in 2023S.Furthermore,for SS ranges of 2.00-3.01,3.01-4.50,4.50-5.99,5.99-7.00(L·plant-1),the corresponding NS and SF intervals maximizing cucumber integrated growth in spring were:0.28-0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),0.26-0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),0.25-0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),0.23-0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),respectively.With the same SS,the corresponding NS and SF intervals that maximized cucumber integrated growth in autumn were:0.10(L·plant-1)and 8(times·d-1),0.18(L·plant-1)and 7(times·d-1),0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),0.49(L·plant-1)and 5(times·d-1),respectively.The results provide a theoretical basis for solution management,and further in-depth research on cucumber cultivation.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(12571191)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30645)the Hunan Basic Science Research Center for Mathematical Analysis(2024JC2002)。
摘要In this paper,we study a class of Laplacian-like equation.We first deduce the Pohozaev identity of the equation and consider the minimum of the functional on the Pohozaev manifold and then study the properties of the minimum energy of the functional.Based on the properties obtained,we prove the existence of normalized solution to the equation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant Nos.12371250,42375002Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation under grant No.BK20221508 and No.2024-JSS-GF-095-06by Hong Kong General Research Fund(GRF)under grant No.18300821,18300622 and 18300424。
摘要The Navier-Stokes(NS)equation with Coriolis force and density-dependent viscosity is an important physical model,which has been widely used to understand and analyze a wide array of phenomena,including behaviors of the Gulf stream,dynamics of hurricanes,operation of chemical reactors and functionality of rotating machines.In this paper,based on the matrix and curve integration techniques,we build a sufficient condition for the existence of Cartesian vector solutions u=b(t)+A(t)x for the N-dimensional NS equation,in which A satisfies appropriate matrix equations.Then,we discuss two special cases of A and thereby explicit analytical solutions are obtained.To shed light on these solutions,we give some illustrative examples.Among them,some examples form the generalization previously obtained by other authors and some examples are quite new.Finally,we analyze the properties of Cartesian vector solutions in a special case.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China(No.51302073)the Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry,Hubei University of Technology(No.202509B13)。
摘要This study reported the synthesis of magnetic solid solutions V2(AxBySn1-x-y)C(where A and B are Mn,Fe,or Co)MAX phases.These materials were prepared by incorporating magnetic elements into the V2SnC MAX phase via pressure-less sintering at 1000℃for 3 hours.XRD analysis reveals that the composition with x=y=0.2 exhibits a shift of diffraction peaks to higher angles,indicating lattice parameter changes,and achieves the highest phase purity with the maximum solid solution limit,further increases in the dopant content led to the formation of impurities.While the solid solution of magnetic elements preserves the characteristic layered structure of the MAX phase,it successfully induces magnetic properties.The magnetic transition temperatures for these solid solutions ranges from 61 to 200 K.Specifically,V2(MnxCoySn1-x-y)C demonstrated hard magnetic characteristics,with a high saturation magnetization(6.536 emu/g)and large remanence(4.236 emu/g).In contrast,V2(MnxFeySn1-x-y)C and V2(FexCoySn1-x-y)C exhibits soft magnetic behavior,evidenced by their narrow hysteresis loops and low coercivity.Their saturation magnetization values are 3.80 and 1.784 emu/g,respectively.The distinctly"S"-shaped hysteresis loop of V2(FexCoySn1-x-y)C further confirms its soft magnetic nature.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(CSTB2024NSCQ-LZX0038)supported by the Chongqing Graduate Student Research Innovation Project(CYB25100).
摘要In this paper,we are interested in the existence of solutions for the following Choquard type Brezis-Nirenberg problem{-△u=(∫Ωu6-α(y)/|x-y|α)u5-α+λu,inΩ,u>0,inΩ,u=0,on■Ω,whereΩis a smooth bounded domain in R3,α∈(0,3),6−αis the upper critical exponent in the sense of the Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality,andλis a real positive parameter.By applying the reduction argument,we find and characterize a positive valueλ0 such that ifλ-λ0>0 is small enough,then the above problem admits a solution,which blows up and concentrates at the critical point of the Robin function asλ→λ0.Moreover,we consider the above problem under zero Neumann boundary condition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 21878097 and 22178109).
摘要Amine-based absorption has been regarded as the benchmark technology for CO2capture because of its high processing capacity and relatively mature process.However,its high-energy consumption associated with solvent regeneration severely limits large-scale deployment.In recent years,catalytic regeneration has emerged as a promising process intensification strategy to reduce regeneration energy consumption.By employing catalysts,the energy barriers for carbamate and bicarbonate decomposition can be largely reduced through enhanced proton transfer,acid-base cooperativity,and interfacial mass transport.This review provides a critical overview of recent advances in the catalytic regeneration of CO2-rich amine solutions.Acid catalysts are first classified according to material types and structural features.The catalytic mechanisms proposed for different systems are then discussed,together with catalyst deactivation and stability issues.Furthermore,emerging data-driven catalyst design strategies based on machine learning,as well as process-level evaluations using Aspen simulations,are summarized.Finally,recent pilot-scale demonstrations and the integration of catalytic regeneration with other process intensification technologies are reviewed.Key challenges and future research prospects are identified,including catalyst durability under alkaline conditions,solvent-catalyst compatibility,quantitative identification of active sites in liquid environments,and full-process energy optimization.This review aims to provide insight into the rational development of catalytic regeneration of amine solution for energy-efficient CO2capture technologies.