Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted significant attention as resistive switching materials for two-terminal non-volatile memory devices, often referred to as memristors, due to their potential for achieving ...Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted significant attention as resistive switching materials for two-terminal non-volatile memory devices, often referred to as memristors, due to their potential for achieving fast switching speeds and low power consumption. Their excellent gate tunability in electronic properties also enables hybrid devices combining the functionality of memory devices and transistors, with the possibility of realizing large-scale memristive crossbar arrays with high integration density. To facilitate the use of 2D materials in practical memristor applications, scalable synthesis of 2D materials with high electronic quality is critical. In addition, low-temperature integration for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) back-end-of-line (BEOL) integration is important for embedded memory applications. Solution-based exfoliation has been actively explored as a facile, cost-effective method for the mass production and low-temperature integration of 2D materials. However, the films produced from the resulting 2D nanosheet dispersions exhibited poor electrical properties in the early stages of research, thereby hindering their use in electronic devices. Recent progress in the exfoliation process and post-processing has led to significant improvements in the electronic performance of solution-processed 2D materials, driving increased adoption of these materials in memristor research. In this review article, we provide a thorough overview of the progress and current status of memristive devices utilizing solution-processed 2D resistive switching layers. We begin by introducing the electrical characteristics and resistive switching mechanisms of memristors fabricated with conventional materials to lay the groundwork for understanding memristive behavior in 2D materials. Representative solution-based exfoliation and film formation techniques are also introduced, emphasizing the benefits of these approaches for obtaining scalable 2D material films compared to conventional methods such as mechanical exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition. Finally, we explore the electrical characteristics, resistive switching mechanisms, and applications of solution-processed 2D memristive devices, discussing their advantages and remaining challenges.展开更多
This paper proposes a robust dichotomy-based model predictive control(DS-MPC)with a fixed switching frequency for the grid-connected inverter(GCI).The proposed fast dichotomy algorithm can select and deduce the optima...This paper proposes a robust dichotomy-based model predictive control(DS-MPC)with a fixed switching frequency for the grid-connected inverter(GCI).The proposed fast dichotomy algorithm can select and deduce the optimal voltage vector dynamically through the space vector plane.Therefore,the proposed DS-MPC strategy could ensure dynamic performance and steady-state performance as well.Also,the current control robustness can be improved through DS-MPC with disturbance observer(DO)based on the extended Kalman filter(EKF).The novelty of this control is that the current control with fast dynamic response can be realized in the weak grid,even if the grid voltages are greatly distorted.Simulation and hardware experiments on the weak grid validate the effectiveness of the proposed DS-MPC with the EKF observer approach.展开更多
Graphite-phase polymeric carbon nitride (CN) was reported to be a promising material in photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion. However, its high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers limits its potent...Graphite-phase polymeric carbon nitride (CN) was reported to be a promising material in photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion. However, its high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers limits its potential applications. In this article, a heterojunction of CN and sulfur-doped CN (CNS) was constructed through a solution-based processing way. Interestingly, it was observed that the photocatalytic hydrogen production of the as-prepared composite was 32.6 times higher than that of bulk carbon nitride and 2.3 times higher than that of the composites by conventional impregnating method. This study opens a new avenue to construct heterojunction of CN for large-scale industrial applications in environmental remediation.展开更多
Metal oxide heterojunctions have shown considerable potential in applications such as photothermal catalytic degradation and functional photothermal textiles,owing to their unique heterointerface structure,efficient s...Metal oxide heterojunctions have shown considerable potential in applications such as photothermal catalytic degradation and functional photothermal textiles,owing to their unique heterointerface structure,efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs,and excellent photothermal conversion performance.However,conventional synthesis methods often involve complex procedures,a long experimental period,and scalability issues,which limit their practical application.In this study,we utilize the high surface reactivity,excellent fluidity,and strong metal solubility of eGaInSn liquid metals to dissolve and uniformly disperse Mn,forming GaInSnMn liquid metals.And then mechanically stir it with deionized water at room temperature,the more reactive metals interact with oxygen and oxygen-containing species,leading to the formation of Mn3O4/Ga2O3heterojunction nanorods.This method does not require a high-pressure environment,eliminates interference from environmental media,and offers potential for large-scale industrial applications.Photothermal performance tests indicate that the photothermal conversion efficiency of GaOOH is 19%,while those of the MnOOH/GaOOH and Mn3O4/Ga2O3heterojunctions reach 34.7%and 43.4%,respectively,enhancements of approximately 1.82-fold and 2.28-fold compared to the single-component material.These results highlight the superior performance of the heterojunction structures.This research provides a feasible technical path for preparing photothermal functional materials based on liquid metals,highlighting the potential of such materials in the field of photothermal applications.展开更多
Nanocrystals are emerging as key materials due to their novel shape-and size-dependent chemical and physical properties that differ drastically from their bulk counterparts.The main challenges in this field remain rat...Nanocrystals are emerging as key materials due to their novel shape-and size-dependent chemical and physical properties that differ drastically from their bulk counterparts.The main challenges in this field remain rationally controlled synthesis and large scale production.This article reviews recent progress in our laboratory related to solution-based synthesis of various nanostructures,including zero-dimensional(0-D)nanocrystals,1-D nanowires and nanorods,hollow structures,and superlattice materials.On the other hand,the essential goal for nanoresearchers is to achieve industrial applications of nanostructured materials.In the past decades,these fascinating materials have been widely used in many promising fields such as nanofabrication,nanodevices,nanobiology,and nanocatalysis.Herein,we focus on their applications as nanocatalysts and try to illustrate the main problems and future directions in this area based on our recent endeavors in catalytic applications of nanocrystals.展开更多
We applied solution-based ICP-MS method to quantify the trace-elemental signatures in statoliths of jumbo flying squid, Dosidius gigas, which were collected from the waters off northern and central Chile during the sc...We applied solution-based ICP-MS method to quantify the trace-elemental signatures in statoliths of jumbo flying squid, Dosidius gigas, which were collected from the waters off northern and central Chile during the scientific surveys carried out by Chinese squid jigging vessels in 2007 and 2008. The age and spawning date of the squid were back-calculated based on daily increments in statoliths. Eight elemental ratios(Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, Na/Ca, Fe/Ca, Cu/Ca and Zn/Ca) were analyzed. It was found that Sr is the second most abundant element next to Ca, followed by Na, Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ba and Mn. There was no significant relationship between element/Ca and sea surface temperature(SST) and sea surface salinity(SSS), although weak negative or positive tendency was found. MANOVA analysis showed that multivariate elemental signatures did not differ among the cohorts spawned in spring, autumn and winter, and no significant difference was found between the northern and central sampling locations. Classification results showed that all individuals of each spawned cohorts were correctly classified. This study demonstrates that the elemental signatures in D. gigas statoliths are potentially a useful tool to improve our understanding of its population structure and habitat environment.展开更多
The pure Cr2O3 coated Li4Ti5O12 microspheres were prepared by a facile and cheap solution- based method with basic chromium(III) nitrate solution (pH=ll.9). And their Li-storage properties were investigated as ano...The pure Cr2O3 coated Li4Ti5O12 microspheres were prepared by a facile and cheap solution- based method with basic chromium(III) nitrate solution (pH=ll.9). And their Li-storage properties were investigated as anode materials for lithium rechargeable batteries. The pure Cr2O3 works as an adhesive interface to strengthen the connections between Li4Ti5O12 par- ticles, providing more electric conduction channels, and reduce the inter-particle resistance. Moreover, Li2Cr2O3, formed by the lithiation of Cr2O3, can further stabilize LiTTi5O12 with high electric conductivity on the surface of particles. While in the acid chromium solution (pH=3.2) modification, besides Cr2O3, Li2CrO4 and TiO2 phases were also found in the final product. Li2CrO4 is toxic and the presence of TiO2 is not welcome to im- prove the electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12 microspheres. The reversible capacity of 1% Cr2O3-coated sample with the basic chromium solution modification was 180 mAh/g at 0.1 C, and 134 mAh/g at 10 C. Moreover, it was even as high as 127 mAh/g at 5 C after 600 cycles. At -20 ℃, its reversible specific capacity was still as high as 118 mAh/g.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have undergone a dramatic increase in laboratory-scale effi ciency to more than 25%,which is comparable to Si-based single-junction solar cell effi ciency.However,the effi ciency of PSCs dr...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have undergone a dramatic increase in laboratory-scale effi ciency to more than 25%,which is comparable to Si-based single-junction solar cell effi ciency.However,the effi ciency of PSCs drops from laboratory-scale to large-scale perovskite solar modules(PSMs)because of the poor quality of perovskite fi lms,and the increased resistance of large-area PSMs obstructs practical PSC applications.An in-depth understanding of the fabricating processes is vital for precisely controlling the quality of large-area perovskite fi lms,and a suitable structural design for PSMs plays an impor-tant role in minimizing energy loss.In this review,we discuss several solution-based deposition techniques for large-area perovskite fi lms and the eff ects of operating conditions on the fi lms.Furthermore,diff erent structural designs for PSMs are presented,including the processing technologies and device architectures.展开更多
Targets for low-adiabat direct-drive-implosion experiments on OMEGA must meet rigorous specifications and tight tolerances on the diameter,wall thickness,wall-thickness uniformity,and presence of surface features.Of t...Targets for low-adiabat direct-drive-implosion experiments on OMEGA must meet rigorous specifications and tight tolerances on the diameter,wall thickness,wall-thickness uniformity,and presence of surface features.Of these,restrictions on the size and number of defects(bumps and depressions)on the surface are the most challenging.The properties of targets that are made using vapor-deposition and solution-based microencapsulation techniques are reviewed.Targets were characterized using confocal microscopy,bright-and dark-field microscopy,atomic force microscopy,electron microscopy,and interferometry.Each technique has merits and limitations,and a combination of these techniques is necessary to adequately characterize a target.The main limitation with the glow-discharge polymerization(GDP)method for making targets is that it produces hundreds of domes with a lateral dimension of 0.7-2 μm.Polishing these targets reduces the size of some but not all domes,but it adds scratches and grooves to the surface.Solution-made polystyrene shells lack the dome features of GDP targets but have hundreds of submicrometer-size voids throughout the wall of the target;a few of these voids can be as large as~12 μm at the surface.展开更多
Metal halide perovskite lightemitting diodes(LEDs)possess high external quantum efficiency(EQE)and color purity,indicating great promise for next-generation panel displays.In state-of-the-art perovskite LEDs,the hole ...Metal halide perovskite lightemitting diodes(LEDs)possess high external quantum efficiency(EQE)and color purity,indicating great promise for next-generation panel displays.In state-of-the-art perovskite LEDs,the hole transport layers and perovskite thin films are solution-processed,whereas the electron transport layers are fabricated through vacuum evaporation deposition.The latter method raises concerns about material waste and environmental pollution,as well as prolonged production duration and increased costs,thereby posing challenges for scalable and sustainable manufacturing.Here,we demonstrate a systematic solvent screening strategy for fabricating perovskite LEDs based on all-solution-processed functional layers.We use ethyl acetate to spin-coat the electron transport material onto perovskite thin films,thereby preserving the device’s structural integrity.The as-fabricated deep-red perovskite LEDs show a peak EQE of 4.04%and a maximum radiance of 8221 mW·sr−1·m−2,among the best performances of all-solution-processed perovskite LEDs.Quantitative analysis indicates that,compared to vacuum evaporation deposition,the material costs,processing duration,and equipment expenses have been reduced by 82%,90%,and 95%,respectively.Our work establishes a promising construction strategy for solution-processed optoelectronic devices with low cost and high performance,thereby bringing them a significant step closer to their further industrialization and commercialization.展开更多
As a new class of two-dimensional materials, two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures constructed from metal chalcogenides (MCs) have been gaining tremendous attention due to their unprecedented physical and chemical phe...As a new class of two-dimensional materials, two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures constructed from metal chalcogenides (MCs) have been gaining tremendous attention due to their unprecedented physical and chemical phenomena, mainly originated from their distinct structural features such as composition, architecture type, spatial arrangement of each component, crystal structure, exposed facet and interface, dimensionality in their heterostructures. Towards the realization of practical applications, synthetic approaches need a rational design with a variety of architecture types including laterally-combined, vertically-aligned, and conformally-coated 2D MC heterostructures. Among various synthetic routes, solution-based synthesis is thought of as an alternative to fabrication through high-cost setups since it can control those structural features in a cheap fashion. This review presents recent progress on solution-based synthesis to produce various 2D MC heterostructures with a focus on the synthetic fundamentals in terms of thermodynamic and kinetic aspects related to the growth mechanism. Four different synthetic approaches are reviewed: seeded growth, cation exchange reaction, colloidal atomic layer deposition, direct synthesis including one-step process and modified electrochemical method. We also provide some representative applications of 2D MC heterostructures and their hybrid composites in various fields including optoelectronics, thermoelectrics, catalysis, and battery. Finally, we offer an insight into challenges and future directions in a synthetic improvement of 2D MC heterostructures.展开更多
As the necessary components for various modern electronic and optoelectronic devices, novel transparent electrodes(TEs) with the low cost, abundance features, and comparable performance of indium tin oxide(ITO) are in...As the necessary components for various modern electronic and optoelectronic devices, novel transparent electrodes(TEs) with the low cost, abundance features, and comparable performance of indium tin oxide(ITO) are inquired materials. Metal nanowires(NWs) with the excellent photoelectric properties as next-generation TE candidates have widely applications in smart optoelectronic devices such as electronic skins, wearable electronics, robotic skins, flexible and stretchable displays. This review describes the synthetic strategies for the preparation of metal NWs, the assemble process for metal NW films,and the practical aspects of metal NW films with the desired properties in various low-cost, flexible,and solution-based photoelectric devices.展开更多
Synthesis of tubular nanomaterials has become a prolific area of investigation due to their wide range of applications.A facile solution-based method has been designed to fabricate uniform Bi2S3nanotubes with av...Synthesis of tubular nanomaterials has become a prolific area of investigation due to their wide range of applications.A facile solution-based method has been designed to fabricate uniform Bi2S3nanotubes with average size of 20 nm×160 nm using only bismuth nitrate(Bi(NO3)3·5H2O)and sulfur powder(S)as the reactants and octadecylamine(ODA)as the solvent.Powder X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),high-resolution TEM(HRTEM),and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDX)experiments were employed to characterize the resulting Bi2S3nanotubes and the classic rolling mechanism was applied to explain their formation process.展开更多
Light-emitting electrochemical cells(LECs)can be fabricated with cost-efficient printing and coating methods,but a current drawback is that the LEC emitter is commonly either a rare-metal complex or an expensive-to-sy...Light-emitting electrochemical cells(LECs)can be fabricated with cost-efficient printing and coating methods,but a current drawback is that the LEC emitter is commonly either a rare-metal complex or an expensive-to-synthesize conjugated polymer.Here,we address this issue through the pioneering employment of metal-free and facile-to-synthesize carbon nanodots(CNDs)as the emitter in functional LEC devices.Circular-shaped(average diameter=4.4 nm)and hydrophilic CNDs,which exhibit narrow cyan photoluminescence(peak=485 nm,full width at half maximum=30 nm)with a high quantum yield of 77%in dilute ethanol solution,were synthesized with a catalyst-free,one-step solvothermal process using low-cost and benign phloroglucinol as the sole starting material.The propensity of the planar CNDs to form emission-quenching aggregates in the solid state was inhibited by the inclusion of a compatible 2,7-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)-9,9’-spirobifluorene host compound,and we demonstrate that such pristine host-guest CND-LECs turn on to a peak luminance of 118 cd·m−2within 5 s during constant current-density driving at 77 mA·cm−2.展开更多
Copper-doped Bi2Se3(CuxBi2Se3)is of considerable interest for tailoring its electronic properties and inducing exotic charge correlations while retaining the unique Dirac surface states.However,the copp...Copper-doped Bi2Se3(CuxBi2Se3)is of considerable interest for tailoring its electronic properties and inducing exotic charge correlations while retaining the unique Dirac surface states.However,the copper dopants in CuxBi2Se3 display complex electronic behaviors and may function as either electron donors or acceptors depending on their concentration and atomic sites within the Bi2Se3 crystal lattice.Thus,a precise understanding and control of the doping concentration and sites is of both fundamental and practical significance.Herein,we report a solution-based one-pot synthesis of CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations and doping sites.Our studies reveal a gradual evolution from intercalative sites to substitutional sites with increasing Cu concentrations.The Cu atoms at intercalative sites function as electron donors while those at the substitutional sites function as electron acceptors,producing distinct effects on the electronic properties of the resulting materials.We further show that Cu0.18Bi2Se3 exhibits superconducting behavior,which is not present in Bi2Se3,highlighting the essential role of Cu doping in tailoring exotic quantum properties.This study establishes an efficient methodology for precise synthesis of CuxBi2Se3 with tailored doping concentrations,doping sites,and electronic properties.展开更多
The recent progress on the liquid crystalline(LC)dispersion of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal carbides(MXenes)has propelled this unique nanomaterial into a realm of high-performance architectures,such as films an...The recent progress on the liquid crystalline(LC)dispersion of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal carbides(MXenes)has propelled this unique nanomaterial into a realm of high-performance architectures,such as films and fibers.Additionally,compared to architectures made from typical non-LC dispersions,those derived from LC MXene possess tunable ion transport routes and enhanced conductivity and physical properties,demonstrating great potential for a wide range of applications,such as electronic displays,smart glasses,and thermal camouflage devices.This review provides an overview of the progress achieved in the production and processing of LC MXenes,including critical discussions on satisfying the required conditions for LC formation.It also highlights how acquiring LC MXenes has broadened the current solution-based manufacturing paradigm of MXene-based architectures,resulting in unprecedented performances in their conventional applications(e.g.,energy storage and strain sensing)and in their emerging uses(e.g.,tribology).Opportunities for innovation and foreseen challenges are also discussed,offering future research directions on how to further benefit from the exciting potential of LC MXenes with the aim of promoting their widespread use in designing and manufacturing advanced materials and applications.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)Grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(Nos.RS-2023-00208538,RS-2024-00411904,and RS-2023-00237308).
摘要Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted significant attention as resistive switching materials for two-terminal non-volatile memory devices, often referred to as memristors, due to their potential for achieving fast switching speeds and low power consumption. Their excellent gate tunability in electronic properties also enables hybrid devices combining the functionality of memory devices and transistors, with the possibility of realizing large-scale memristive crossbar arrays with high integration density. To facilitate the use of 2D materials in practical memristor applications, scalable synthesis of 2D materials with high electronic quality is critical. In addition, low-temperature integration for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) back-end-of-line (BEOL) integration is important for embedded memory applications. Solution-based exfoliation has been actively explored as a facile, cost-effective method for the mass production and low-temperature integration of 2D materials. However, the films produced from the resulting 2D nanosheet dispersions exhibited poor electrical properties in the early stages of research, thereby hindering their use in electronic devices. Recent progress in the exfoliation process and post-processing has led to significant improvements in the electronic performance of solution-processed 2D materials, driving increased adoption of these materials in memristor research. In this review article, we provide a thorough overview of the progress and current status of memristive devices utilizing solution-processed 2D resistive switching layers. We begin by introducing the electrical characteristics and resistive switching mechanisms of memristors fabricated with conventional materials to lay the groundwork for understanding memristive behavior in 2D materials. Representative solution-based exfoliation and film formation techniques are also introduced, emphasizing the benefits of these approaches for obtaining scalable 2D material films compared to conventional methods such as mechanical exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition. Finally, we explore the electrical characteristics, resistive switching mechanisms, and applications of solution-processed 2D memristive devices, discussing their advantages and remaining challenges.
摘要This paper proposes a robust dichotomy-based model predictive control(DS-MPC)with a fixed switching frequency for the grid-connected inverter(GCI).The proposed fast dichotomy algorithm can select and deduce the optimal voltage vector dynamically through the space vector plane.Therefore,the proposed DS-MPC strategy could ensure dynamic performance and steady-state performance as well.Also,the current control robustness can be improved through DS-MPC with disturbance observer(DO)based on the extended Kalman filter(EKF).The novelty of this control is that the current control with fast dynamic response can be realized in the weak grid,even if the grid voltages are greatly distorted.Simulation and hardware experiments on the weak grid validate the effectiveness of the proposed DS-MPC with the EKF observer approach.
基金financially supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 21305065)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos. BK20160028, BK20170084)+1 种基金the Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry (No. SKLEAC201703)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
摘要Graphite-phase polymeric carbon nitride (CN) was reported to be a promising material in photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion. However, its high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers limits its potential applications. In this article, a heterojunction of CN and sulfur-doped CN (CNS) was constructed through a solution-based processing way. Interestingly, it was observed that the photocatalytic hydrogen production of the as-prepared composite was 32.6 times higher than that of bulk carbon nitride and 2.3 times higher than that of the composites by conventional impregnating method. This study opens a new avenue to construct heterojunction of CN for large-scale industrial applications in environmental remediation.
基金supported by the Key Research Program of the State Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology (Grant No. Z-2025cryo-10)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Projects (Grant Nos. 62465019, 22363012, 21763033)+5 种基金the Yunnan Province University Service Key Industry Science and Technology Projects (Grant No. FWCY-ZNT2024008)the Yunnan Industrial Technology Innovation Reserve Talent Project (Grant No. 202105AD160056)the Reserve Talents Project for Youth and Middle-Aged Academic and Technical Leaders of Yunnan Province (Grant No. 202205AC160032)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (Grant Nos. 202301AU070142, 202401AT070306, 202501AT070011, 202501AT070010)the Wisdom Yunnan Project (Grant No. 202503AM140015)the Project for Building a Science and Technology Innovation Center Facing South Asia and Southeast Asia (Grant Nos. 202403AP140015, 202503AK140048)
摘要Metal oxide heterojunctions have shown considerable potential in applications such as photothermal catalytic degradation and functional photothermal textiles,owing to their unique heterointerface structure,efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs,and excellent photothermal conversion performance.However,conventional synthesis methods often involve complex procedures,a long experimental period,and scalability issues,which limit their practical application.In this study,we utilize the high surface reactivity,excellent fluidity,and strong metal solubility of eGaInSn liquid metals to dissolve and uniformly disperse Mn,forming GaInSnMn liquid metals.And then mechanically stir it with deionized water at room temperature,the more reactive metals interact with oxygen and oxygen-containing species,leading to the formation of Mn3O4/Ga2O3heterojunction nanorods.This method does not require a high-pressure environment,eliminates interference from environmental media,and offers potential for large-scale industrial applications.Photothermal performance tests indicate that the photothermal conversion efficiency of GaOOH is 19%,while those of the MnOOH/GaOOH and Mn3O4/Ga2O3heterojunctions reach 34.7%and 43.4%,respectively,enhancements of approximately 1.82-fold and 2.28-fold compared to the single-component material.These results highlight the superior performance of the heterojunction structures.This research provides a feasible technical path for preparing photothermal functional materials based on liquid metals,highlighting the potential of such materials in the field of photothermal applications.
基金This work was supported by NSFC(90606006)the State Key Project of Fundamental Research for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology(2006CB932300)the Key Grant Project of the Ministry of Education of P.R.China(No.306020).
摘要Nanocrystals are emerging as key materials due to their novel shape-and size-dependent chemical and physical properties that differ drastically from their bulk counterparts.The main challenges in this field remain rationally controlled synthesis and large scale production.This article reviews recent progress in our laboratory related to solution-based synthesis of various nanostructures,including zero-dimensional(0-D)nanocrystals,1-D nanowires and nanorods,hollow structures,and superlattice materials.On the other hand,the essential goal for nanoresearchers is to achieve industrial applications of nanostructured materials.In the past decades,these fascinating materials have been widely used in many promising fields such as nanofabrication,nanodevices,nanobiology,and nanocatalysis.Herein,we focus on their applications as nanocatalysts and try to illustrate the main problems and future directions in this area based on our recent endeavors in catalytic applications of nanocrystals.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41306127 and 41276156)National Science Foundation of Shanghai(13ZR1419 700)+3 种基金the innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(13YE091)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20133104120001)Shanghai Universities First-class Disciplines Project(Fisheries)supported by Shanghai Oversea Teaching Scholar Program and SHOU International Center for Marine Sciences
摘要We applied solution-based ICP-MS method to quantify the trace-elemental signatures in statoliths of jumbo flying squid, Dosidius gigas, which were collected from the waters off northern and central Chile during the scientific surveys carried out by Chinese squid jigging vessels in 2007 and 2008. The age and spawning date of the squid were back-calculated based on daily increments in statoliths. Eight elemental ratios(Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, Na/Ca, Fe/Ca, Cu/Ca and Zn/Ca) were analyzed. It was found that Sr is the second most abundant element next to Ca, followed by Na, Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ba and Mn. There was no significant relationship between element/Ca and sea surface temperature(SST) and sea surface salinity(SSS), although weak negative or positive tendency was found. MANOVA analysis showed that multivariate elemental signatures did not differ among the cohorts spawned in spring, autumn and winter, and no significant difference was found between the northern and central sampling locations. Classification results showed that all individuals of each spawned cohorts were correctly classified. This study demonstrates that the elemental signatures in D. gigas statoliths are potentially a useful tool to improve our understanding of its population structure and habitat environment.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51372060 and No.31501576).
摘要The pure Cr2O3 coated Li4Ti5O12 microspheres were prepared by a facile and cheap solution- based method with basic chromium(III) nitrate solution (pH=ll.9). And their Li-storage properties were investigated as anode materials for lithium rechargeable batteries. The pure Cr2O3 works as an adhesive interface to strengthen the connections between Li4Ti5O12 par- ticles, providing more electric conduction channels, and reduce the inter-particle resistance. Moreover, Li2Cr2O3, formed by the lithiation of Cr2O3, can further stabilize LiTTi5O12 with high electric conductivity on the surface of particles. While in the acid chromium solution (pH=3.2) modification, besides Cr2O3, Li2CrO4 and TiO2 phases were also found in the final product. Li2CrO4 is toxic and the presence of TiO2 is not welcome to im- prove the electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12 microspheres. The reversible capacity of 1% Cr2O3-coated sample with the basic chromium solution modification was 180 mAh/g at 0.1 C, and 134 mAh/g at 10 C. Moreover, it was even as high as 127 mAh/g at 5 C after 600 cycles. At -20 ℃, its reversible specific capacity was still as high as 118 mAh/g.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFE0127100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22025505)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(No.20XD1422200).
摘要Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have undergone a dramatic increase in laboratory-scale effi ciency to more than 25%,which is comparable to Si-based single-junction solar cell effi ciency.However,the effi ciency of PSCs drops from laboratory-scale to large-scale perovskite solar modules(PSMs)because of the poor quality of perovskite fi lms,and the increased resistance of large-area PSMs obstructs practical PSC applications.An in-depth understanding of the fabricating processes is vital for precisely controlling the quality of large-area perovskite fi lms,and a suitable structural design for PSMs plays an impor-tant role in minimizing energy loss.In this review,we discuss several solution-based deposition techniques for large-area perovskite fi lms and the eff ects of operating conditions on the fi lms.Furthermore,diff erent structural designs for PSMs are presented,including the processing technologies and device architectures.
基金This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number DE-NA0001944the University of Rochester,and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority.
摘要Targets for low-adiabat direct-drive-implosion experiments on OMEGA must meet rigorous specifications and tight tolerances on the diameter,wall thickness,wall-thickness uniformity,and presence of surface features.Of these,restrictions on the size and number of defects(bumps and depressions)on the surface are the most challenging.The properties of targets that are made using vapor-deposition and solution-based microencapsulation techniques are reviewed.Targets were characterized using confocal microscopy,bright-and dark-field microscopy,atomic force microscopy,electron microscopy,and interferometry.Each technique has merits and limitations,and a combination of these techniques is necessary to adequately characterize a target.The main limitation with the glow-discharge polymerization(GDP)method for making targets is that it produces hundreds of domes with a lateral dimension of 0.7-2 μm.Polishing these targets reduces the size of some but not all domes,but it adds scratches and grooves to the surface.Solution-made polystyrene shells lack the dome features of GDP targets but have hundreds of submicrometer-size voids throughout the wall of the target;a few of these voids can be as large as~12 μm at the surface.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.52203229)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(Tsinghua University Dushi Program).
摘要Metal halide perovskite lightemitting diodes(LEDs)possess high external quantum efficiency(EQE)and color purity,indicating great promise for next-generation panel displays.In state-of-the-art perovskite LEDs,the hole transport layers and perovskite thin films are solution-processed,whereas the electron transport layers are fabricated through vacuum evaporation deposition.The latter method raises concerns about material waste and environmental pollution,as well as prolonged production duration and increased costs,thereby posing challenges for scalable and sustainable manufacturing.Here,we demonstrate a systematic solvent screening strategy for fabricating perovskite LEDs based on all-solution-processed functional layers.We use ethyl acetate to spin-coat the electron transport material onto perovskite thin films,thereby preserving the device’s structural integrity.The as-fabricated deep-red perovskite LEDs show a peak EQE of 4.04%and a maximum radiance of 8221 mW·sr−1·m−2,among the best performances of all-solution-processed perovskite LEDs.Quantitative analysis indicates that,compared to vacuum evaporation deposition,the material costs,processing duration,and equipment expenses have been reduced by 82%,90%,and 95%,respectively.Our work establishes a promising construction strategy for solution-processed optoelectronic devices with low cost and high performance,thereby bringing them a significant step closer to their further industrialization and commercialization.
摘要As a new class of two-dimensional materials, two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures constructed from metal chalcogenides (MCs) have been gaining tremendous attention due to their unprecedented physical and chemical phenomena, mainly originated from their distinct structural features such as composition, architecture type, spatial arrangement of each component, crystal structure, exposed facet and interface, dimensionality in their heterostructures. Towards the realization of practical applications, synthetic approaches need a rational design with a variety of architecture types including laterally-combined, vertically-aligned, and conformally-coated 2D MC heterostructures. Among various synthetic routes, solution-based synthesis is thought of as an alternative to fabrication through high-cost setups since it can control those structural features in a cheap fashion. This review presents recent progress on solution-based synthesis to produce various 2D MC heterostructures with a focus on the synthetic fundamentals in terms of thermodynamic and kinetic aspects related to the growth mechanism. Four different synthetic approaches are reviewed: seeded growth, cation exchange reaction, colloidal atomic layer deposition, direct synthesis including one-step process and modified electrochemical method. We also provide some representative applications of 2D MC heterostructures and their hybrid composites in various fields including optoelectronics, thermoelectrics, catalysis, and battery. Finally, we offer an insight into challenges and future directions in a synthetic improvement of 2D MC heterostructures.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB931700)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30920130111017 and NE2012004)+1 种基金the Opened Fund of the State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics(IOSKL2012KF06)the Program for Eastern Scholar at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning(2012-53)
摘要As the necessary components for various modern electronic and optoelectronic devices, novel transparent electrodes(TEs) with the low cost, abundance features, and comparable performance of indium tin oxide(ITO) are inquired materials. Metal nanowires(NWs) with the excellent photoelectric properties as next-generation TE candidates have widely applications in smart optoelectronic devices such as electronic skins, wearable electronics, robotic skins, flexible and stretchable displays. This review describes the synthetic strategies for the preparation of metal NWs, the assemble process for metal NW films,and the practical aspects of metal NW films with the desired properties in various low-cost, flexible,and solution-based photoelectric devices.
基金National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(90606006)the State Key Project of Fundamental Research for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology(2006CB932300)the Key Grant Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(No.306020)and the National Undergraduate Innovation Training Project.
摘要Synthesis of tubular nanomaterials has become a prolific area of investigation due to their wide range of applications.A facile solution-based method has been designed to fabricate uniform Bi2S3nanotubes with average size of 20 nm×160 nm using only bismuth nitrate(Bi(NO3)3·5H2O)and sulfur powder(S)as the reactants and octadecylamine(ODA)as the solvent.Powder X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),high-resolution TEM(HRTEM),and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDX)experiments were employed to characterize the resulting Bi2S3nanotubes and the classic rolling mechanism was applied to explain their formation process.
基金support from J.C.Kempes Minnes Stipendiefond(No.SMK-1849.1)the Swedish Energy Agency(Nos.45419-1,46523-1,and 50779-1)+2 种基金the Swedish Research Council(Nos.2017-04380,2017-04862,2018-03937,and 2019-02345)the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research,Stiftelsen Olle Engkvist Byggmästare(Nos.186-0637 and 193-0578)Bertil&Britt Svenssons stiftelse för belysningsteknik,the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education via an Initiation Grant for Internationalization(No.2019-8553)。
摘要Light-emitting electrochemical cells(LECs)can be fabricated with cost-efficient printing and coating methods,but a current drawback is that the LEC emitter is commonly either a rare-metal complex or an expensive-to-synthesize conjugated polymer.Here,we address this issue through the pioneering employment of metal-free and facile-to-synthesize carbon nanodots(CNDs)as the emitter in functional LEC devices.Circular-shaped(average diameter=4.4 nm)and hydrophilic CNDs,which exhibit narrow cyan photoluminescence(peak=485 nm,full width at half maximum=30 nm)with a high quantum yield of 77%in dilute ethanol solution,were synthesized with a catalyst-free,one-step solvothermal process using low-cost and benign phloroglucinol as the sole starting material.The propensity of the planar CNDs to form emission-quenching aggregates in the solid state was inhibited by the inclusion of a compatible 2,7-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)-9,9’-spirobifluorene host compound,and we demonstrate that such pristine host-guest CND-LECs turn on to a peak luminance of 118 cd·m−2within 5 s during constant current-density driving at 77 mA·cm−2.
基金the UCLA California NanoSystem Institute(CNSI)Noble Family Innovation Fund for material preparationpartial support from the National Science Foundation through grant number 2329192 for transport studies and analysis.
摘要Copper-doped Bi2Se3(CuxBi2Se3)is of considerable interest for tailoring its electronic properties and inducing exotic charge correlations while retaining the unique Dirac surface states.However,the copper dopants in CuxBi2Se3 display complex electronic behaviors and may function as either electron donors or acceptors depending on their concentration and atomic sites within the Bi2Se3 crystal lattice.Thus,a precise understanding and control of the doping concentration and sites is of both fundamental and practical significance.Herein,we report a solution-based one-pot synthesis of CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations and doping sites.Our studies reveal a gradual evolution from intercalative sites to substitutional sites with increasing Cu concentrations.The Cu atoms at intercalative sites function as electron donors while those at the substitutional sites function as electron acceptors,producing distinct effects on the electronic properties of the resulting materials.We further show that Cu0.18Bi2Se3 exhibits superconducting behavior,which is not present in Bi2Se3,highlighting the essential role of Cu doping in tailoring exotic quantum properties.This study establishes an efficient methodology for precise synthesis of CuxBi2Se3 with tailored doping concentrations,doping sites,and electronic properties.
基金Australian Research Council,Grant/Award Number:IH210100023Australian National Fabrication Facility(ANFF)Victorian node at Deakin University+1 种基金Deakin-CSIRO InSitX X-ray facilityAlfred Deakin Post-doctoral Research Fellowships。
摘要The recent progress on the liquid crystalline(LC)dispersion of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal carbides(MXenes)has propelled this unique nanomaterial into a realm of high-performance architectures,such as films and fibers.Additionally,compared to architectures made from typical non-LC dispersions,those derived from LC MXene possess tunable ion transport routes and enhanced conductivity and physical properties,demonstrating great potential for a wide range of applications,such as electronic displays,smart glasses,and thermal camouflage devices.This review provides an overview of the progress achieved in the production and processing of LC MXenes,including critical discussions on satisfying the required conditions for LC formation.It also highlights how acquiring LC MXenes has broadened the current solution-based manufacturing paradigm of MXene-based architectures,resulting in unprecedented performances in their conventional applications(e.g.,energy storage and strain sensing)and in their emerging uses(e.g.,tribology).Opportunities for innovation and foreseen challenges are also discussed,offering future research directions on how to further benefit from the exciting potential of LC MXenes with the aim of promoting their widespread use in designing and manufacturing advanced materials and applications.