Additive manufacturing(AM),globally referred to as 3D printing,is a highly flexible manufacturing method that enables the design and creation of complex geometries with ease.This review article comprehensively examine...Additive manufacturing(AM),globally referred to as 3D printing,is a highly flexible manufacturing method that enables the design and creation of complex geometries with ease.This review article comprehensively examines the materials,methods,and applications of AM specifically for the space sector,while identifying current research gaps and proposing future directions.The primary advantages of AM over conventional subtractive manufacturing for space implementations include economic efficiency,unparalleled design freedom,high customizability,tailor-made production,and the ability to process a wide range of materials including metals,polymers,composites,and ceramics.The article focuses on space-grade materials such as high-performance alloys,polymers,and ceramics used in applications ranging from electronic equipment to propulsion systems.It provides a detailed analysis of prevalent metal AM techniques like powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition,as well as non-metal methods including used deposition modeling and selective laser sintering.Through specific case studies,it demonstrates how AM enables part consolidation,weight reduction,and the production of multifunctional components with integrated capabilities.This review will help readers comprehend current trends in space additive manufacturing and understand its future potential in next-generation space applications,from in-situ manufacturing to the realization of fully additively manufactured spacecraft.展开更多
It is well known that the inhomogeneous Calderón-Zygmund convolution operators are bounded on the local Hardy spaces.In this paper,we prove that these operators are bounded on the local product Hardy spaces and t...It is well known that the inhomogeneous Calderón-Zygmund convolution operators are bounded on the local Hardy spaces.In this paper,we prove that these operators are bounded on the local product Hardy spaces and the Lipschitz spaces.The key ideas used here are the discrete local Calderón identity and a density argument for the inhomogeneous product Lipschitz spaces in the weak sense.展开更多
How to transform an electromagnetic field across non-inertial frames of reference is a common challenge encountered in electromagnetic space measurements and analyses.Finding clear and precise ways to evaluate transfo...How to transform an electromagnetic field across non-inertial frames of reference is a common challenge encountered in electromagnetic space measurements and analyses.Finding clear and precise ways to evaluate transformation formulas can be difficult.This study presents results of a thorough theoretical investigation that has yielded universal transformation formulas;these transformations are successfully applied to two specific scenarios.We find that,for space plasmas,if the relative velocities of structures are significantly lower than the speed of light,Galilean transformations are suitable.The transformations presented in this paper are applicable,in low speed situations,to electromagnetic fields,electric potentials and magnetic vector potentials,and to charge density and current density,measured in various non-inertial reference frames.Truncation errors associated with these simplified transformations are calculated and shown to be acceptable.These findings have broad implications for space physics measurements and analyses.We address two key issues related to non-inertial frame transformations:first,how to derive a general formula for the rotational electric potential of planets with intrinsic magnetic fields;second,how to verify rigorously the calculation of charge density from MMS(Magnetospheric Multiscale)electrostatic field measurements.We suggest that,due to the validity of the Coulomb gauge,the Poisson equation can be applied in situations of low-speed motion,allowing MMS measurement data to be used to calculate minimal-error charge density.展开更多
At 11:00 p.m. on January 13, 2026, floodlights illuminated the launch pad at the Hainan Commercial Space Launch Site in Wenchang,south China’s Hainan Province. A Long March-8A (CZ-8A) carrier rocket lifted off with a...At 11:00 p.m. on January 13, 2026, floodlights illuminated the launch pad at the Hainan Commercial Space Launch Site in Wenchang,south China’s Hainan Province. A Long March-8A (CZ-8A) carrier rocket lifted off with a steady roar, its exhaust lighting up the night sky as it delivered a satellite into its designated orbit.The development of China’s first commercial space launch site has been striking. Since its inaugural launch in2024, it has completed 11 missions in less than 14 months—each a success.展开更多
In recent years,the rapid development of mega-constellations has significantly exacerbated the deterioration of the space debris environment,posing substantial and escalating threats to the safety of spacecraft.This s...In recent years,the rapid development of mega-constellations has significantly exacerbated the deterioration of the space debris environment,posing substantial and escalating threats to the safety of spacecraft.This study aims to explore the complex evolution of the space debris environment and assess the collision risks associated with spacecraft.First,a space debris environment topological network model is proposed,which incorporates interdisciplinary methods from topological networks,fluid mechanics,and spacecraft dynamics.This model enables a structured representation of the relationships among space objects and provides rapid predictions of the space debris environment.Then,a collision probability algorithm based on the topological network model is introduced.This algorithm inherits the efficiency advantages of the topological network model and has been validated for reliability through comparison with the classical ESA’s DRAMA software.Finally,based on the above models,the collision risks of constellation satellites in Low Earth Orbit(LEO)are analyzed,including both operational and deorbit processes.The study reveals that constellation satellites face a much higher risk of internal collisions with satellites from the same constellation during operations than that with other space objects.Additionally,during the satellite deorbit process,the collision risk peaks when satellites traverse the operational region of Starlink satellites.展开更多
This paper solves the problem of model-free dual-arm space robot maneuvering after non-cooperative target capture under high control quality requirements.The explicit system model is unavailable,and the maneuvering mi...This paper solves the problem of model-free dual-arm space robot maneuvering after non-cooperative target capture under high control quality requirements.The explicit system model is unavailable,and the maneuvering mission is disturbed by the measurement noise and the target adversarial behavior.To address these problems,a model-free Combined Adaptive-length Datadriven Predictive Controller(CADPC)is proposed.It consists of a separated subsystem identification method and a combined predictive control strategy.The subsystem identification method is composed of an adaptive data length,thereby reducing sensitivity to undetermined measurement noises and disturbances.Based on the subsystem identification,the combined predictive controller is established,reducing calculating resource.The stability of the CADPC is rigorously proven using the Input-to-State Stable(ISS)theorem and the small-gain theorem.Simulations demonstrate that CADPC effectively handles the model-free space robot post operation in the presence of significant disturbances,state measurement noise,and control input errors.It achieves improved steady-state accuracy,reduced steady-state control consumption,and minimized control input chattering.展开更多
Characterizing shale oil reservoirs encompassing pore space,mineralogy,and fluids is fundamental to effective exploration and development.Recent advances in experimental techniques have significantly improved both the...Characterizing shale oil reservoirs encompassing pore space,mineralogy,and fluids is fundamental to effective exploration and development.Recent advances in experimental techniques have significantly improved both the qualitative and quantitative analysis of these components;however,a comprehensive systematic review is lacking.High-resolution imaging technologies,such as Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM),Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM),and Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy(FIB-SEM),enable detailed visualization of pore structures.Gas adsorption and high-pressure mercury intrusion methods provide accurate pore-scale quantification.Moreover,techniques like X-ray Diffraction(XRD),X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy(XRF),and Electron Probe Microanalysis(EPMA)allow precise mineral identification and compositional analysis.Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy(CSLM),Raman Spectroscopy,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR),and Rock Pyrolysis provide insights into fluid occurrence and content within shale reservoirs.Based on a comprehensive review of existing research,this study identifies several key future directions:(1)addressing the challenges of nanopore observation in reservoir space characterization while minimizing the impact of sample preparation on pore structure;(2)improving the accuracy of quantitative mineral analysis and developing advanced new technologies for the precise measurement of complex mineral compositions;(3)enhancing the fluid quantitative evaluation of fluids by more effectively restoring subsurface geological conditions.This paper presents a current synthesis and forward-looking perspective on experimental techniques supporting shale oil exploration,aiming to guide future research and technological innovation in this field.展开更多
The Near Space Hypersonic Vehicle(NSHV)features a unique design and propulsion system,achieving exceptional speed,range,and maneuverability,which challenge ground-based radars.Space-Based Radar(SBR)offers a breakthrou...The Near Space Hypersonic Vehicle(NSHV)features a unique design and propulsion system,achieving exceptional speed,range,and maneuverability,which challenge ground-based radars.Space-Based Radar(SBR)offers a breakthrough for tracking NSHV targets,with allweather operation and freedom from Earth's curvature,but faces complex coordinate transformations.Traditional models often overlook the NSHV's dynamic gliding trajectory,especially the impact of hidden control variables on maneuvering,causing mismatches during rapid motion changes.This paper proposes a refined tracking model unified in the ECEF coordinate frame,incorporating model parameters that implicitly encode control laws,and presents an ExpectationMaximization Multi-swarm Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimization(EM-MCPSO)framework for both NSHV tracking and model parameter estimation to address this problem.To minimize conversion errors,a transformation matrix directly represented by the state in the EarthCentered Earth-Fixed(ECEF)coordinate is derived.Then the hybrid aerodynamic acceleration coefficients are introduced to precisely describe the dynamic behaviors,formulating target tracking as a joint estimation problem of state and parameters within EM framework.Finally,a self-learning algorithm based on a master–slave structured PSO is proposed to solve the optimization of the conditional expectations of EM under strong nonlinearity,with a Proportional-Derivative(PD)controller accelerating convergence,and updating the population structure with historical data.Simulations of vertical gliding and horizontal maneuvers validate the algorithm's effectiveness.展开更多
The determination of the steady configuration of flexible spacecrafts in the challenging space environment holds paramount importance for the prediction of structural mechanical behaviors and the monitoring of failure...The determination of the steady configuration of flexible spacecrafts in the challenging space environment holds paramount importance for the prediction of structural mechanical behaviors and the monitoring of failures during in-service conditions.In this paper,based on the nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli beam model,the differential equations describing the steady configuration of an ultra-large spacecraft are transformed into polynomial equations by introducing the moment integration function and Taylor expansion,facilitating rapid and accurate solutions.Furthermore,accounting for the additional moment effect induced by axial component of the gravity-gradient force,the steady configuration under all loads is iteratively calculated starting from the equilibrium configuration under normal loads,resulting in a novel integral and iterative solving method under the combined action of gravity-gradient force and thermal load.Based on the above method,an empirical formula for the steady configuration involving multiple parameters is developed to solve the problem of rapid and accurate prediction of static configurations of large-scale spacecraft under different assembly states.The numerical results show that the proposed method can obtain highly accurate and stable solutions with only a few iterations.Additionally,it sheds light on the impact of spacecraft configuration asymmetry in the space force-thermal environment.Parameter analysis reveals that increasing the spacecraft’s length significantly amplifies the geometric nonlinearity of the structure,and adjusting the spacecraft’s attitude effectively constrains its deformation in the face of force-thermal conditions.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent disease,with polyps serving as its precursors.Accurate polyp segmentation is crucial for early CRC prevention.However,due to different sizes of the polyps,the boundaries are not cl...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent disease,with polyps serving as its precursors.Accurate polyp segmentation is crucial for early CRC prevention.However,due to different sizes of the polyps,the boundaries are not clear.Therefore,accurate segmentation of polyps is a challenging task.This paper proposes vision Mamba attention feature fusion UNet(VMA-UNet),a U-shaped asymmetric codec structure model grounded in the state space model(SSM).The VMA-UNet incorporates attention feature fusion(AFF)in order to enhance the feature representation of small polyps.A new IUD loss function,namely combining intersection over union(IoU)loss function and Dice loss function,is proposed to address both large polyps and small polyps,and to mitigate the issue of data imbalance.When applied to multiple datasets,VMA-UNet demonstrates robust performance,particularly in small polyp segmentation,showcasing its practical value.The network proposed in this paper overcomes the inherent shortcomings of convolutional neural network(CNN)and transformers,not only performing well in remote interaction modeling,but also maintaining linear computational complexity.Our study introduces a new method for polyp segmentation based on SSM and advances the field.展开更多
To address the need for improving the efficiency of spray painting large and complex curved surfaces,this study investigates the arm-rail coordinated spray painting operation method and proposes a robot workspace calc...To address the need for improving the efficiency of spray painting large and complex curved surfaces,this study investigates the arm-rail coordinated spray painting operation method and proposes a robot workspace calculation method for efficient spray area partitioning.The steps for calculating the workspace under the constraints of the principal normal vector and the conical pose domain are introduced,along with an analysis of the robot’s forward and inverse kinematics.Simulation validation was conducted using a wind turbine blade as the target object.The results show that the workspace based on conical pose domain constraints outperforms both the reachable workspace and the full-orientation workspace in terms of validity and coverage,significantly enhancing spray painting efficiency.Compared to traditional fixed-station spray painting systems,the arm-rail coordinated robot can expand the workspace,reduce the number of stations and spray overlap areas,thereby improving efficiency while ensuring coating uniformity.展开更多
The goal of this paper is to establish the boundedness of the p-adic fractional integral operator with rough kernel Iβ,Ω′pand its commutators generated by b∈Λγ(Qpn)(0<γ<1)and the I_(β,Ω′...The goal of this paper is to establish the boundedness of the p-adic fractional integral operator with rough kernel Iβ,Ω′pand its commutators generated by b∈Λγ(Qpn)(0<γ<1)and the Iβ,Ω′p on grand p-adic Herz spaces.展开更多
Prolonged exposure to microgravity profoundly influences ocular physiology,giving rise to spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome(SANS),a significant concern for astronauts on long-duration missions.This review c...Prolonged exposure to microgravity profoundly influences ocular physiology,giving rise to spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome(SANS),a significant concern for astronauts on long-duration missions.This review consolidates current evidence on ocular adaptations to spaceflight,encompassing pathophysiological mechanisms,diagnostic advances,related ocular conditions,and emerging countermeasures.Literature published between 2000 and 2025 was systematically examined across PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science,integrating both peer-reviewed studies and technical reports from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the European Space Agency.Findings indicate that ocular changes consistent with SANS affect approximately one-third of astronauts,with higher prevalence during missions exceeding six months.Hallmark features include optic disc edema,posterior globe flattening,and mild hyperopic shifts,attributed to cephalad fluid shifts,altered cerebrospinal fluid dynamics,venous congestion,and impaired glymphatic flow.Besides SANS,microgravity predisposes astronauts to dry eye disease,immune-related infections,and radiation-induced cataracts.Recent advances in in-flight optical coherence tomography,optical coherence tomo-graphy angiography,and ultrasound have enhanced early detection,while countermeasures such as lower body negative pressure,artificial gravity,and artificial intelligence-driven ocular monitoring show promise.Understanding ocular adaptations to space not only mitigates mission risks but also enriches terrestrial knowledge of intracranial pressure regulation and neuroophthalmic health.展开更多
In this study,we introduce the sequence space lμ(p,Δm) with a fractional order μ.Furthermore,we give some topological properties of this space.Also we introduce α-,β-,andγ-duals of lμ(p,Δm) and its...In this study,we introduce the sequence space lμ(p,Δm) with a fractional order μ.Furthermore,we give some topological properties of this space.Also we introduce α-,β-,andγ-duals of lμ(p,Δm) and its some matrix mappings.展开更多
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the associations between green space,the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index,and cardiovascular health outcomes.This study aims to examine the relationships between green space and ...BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the associations between green space,the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index,and cardiovascular health outcomes.This study aims to examine the relationships between green space and chronic cardiovascular diseases among middle-aged and older Chinese adults,while also evaluating the potential mediating effect of the TyG index.METHODS Baseline and follow-up data were collected from the 2011 and 2015 waves,respectively,of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS).Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to address selection bias.City-level cluster-robust logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between green space(2011-2014)and hypertension,heart disease,and dyslipidemia.Counterfactual exploratory mediation analysis examined the mediating role of the TyG index.Restricted cubic splines were used to explore the dose-response relationships between green space and the outcomes.RESULTS Among 11,925 participants,each 1 standard deviation(0.0922)increment in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)was associated with a 13%lower risk of hypertension(OR=0.87,95%CI:0.83-0.92,P<0.001),with a linear dose-response relationship.No significant independent associations were observed for heart disease(OR=0.92,95%CI:0.82-1.03,P=0.142)or dyslipidemia(OR=0.96,95%CI:0.86-1.06,P=0.406).Mediation analysis showed that the TyG index partially mediated the NDVI-hypertension association(indirect effect P<0.05),the proportion mediated was 2.9%(95%CI:1.9%-4.1%).CONCLUSIONS Long-term residential green space exposure is significantly associated with a lower risk of hypertension in middle-aged and older Chinese adults,with the TyG index playing a modest partial mediating role.No significant independent associations were observed for heart disease or dyslipidemia.Enhancing urban greening may be an effective environmental strategy for the primary prevention of hypertension.展开更多
The search for non-ergodic mechanisms in quantum many-body systems has become a frontier area of research in non-equilibrium physics.In this work,we introduce Hilbert subspace imprint(HSI)-a new mechanism that enables...The search for non-ergodic mechanisms in quantum many-body systems has become a frontier area of research in non-equilibrium physics.In this work,we introduce Hilbert subspace imprint(HSI)-a new mechanism that enables evasion of thermalization,standing as an independent non-ergodic mechanism alongside quantum many-body scars(QMBS)and Hilbert space fragmentation(HSF).HSI manifests when initial states overlap exclusively with a polynomial scaling(with system size)set of eigenstates.We demonstrate this phenomenon through two distinct approaches:weak symmetry breaking and initial state engineering.In the former case,we observe that ferromagnetic states including those with a single spin-flip display non-thermal behavior under weak U(1)breaking,while antiferromag-netic states thermalize.In contrast,the Z2-symmetric model shows thermalization for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states.In the latter case,we engineer the initial state prepared by shallow quantum circuits that enhance the overlap with the small target subspace.展开更多
In this paper,we first obtain the density of compactly supported bounded functions in anisotropic infinite dimensional Banach space-valued Musielak-Orlicz spaces.Then,we present the sufficient condition for the space ...In this paper,we first obtain the density of compactly supported bounded functions in anisotropic infinite dimensional Banach space-valued Musielak-Orlicz spaces.Then,we present the sufficient condition for the space of compactly supported smooth functions to be dense in anisotropic infinite dimensional Banach space-valued Musielak-Orlicz spaces.Moreover,the modular density is also given.展开更多
With the increasing duration of space missions,the impact of fungi on aerospace materials requires systematic investigation.We evaluate the adaptability of Aspergillus brasiliensis and its corrosion effects on aluminu...With the increasing duration of space missions,the impact of fungi on aerospace materials requires systematic investigation.We evaluate the adaptability of Aspergillus brasiliensis and its corrosion effects on aluminum alloy under space conditions through a 90-day experiment.Fungal growth characteristics,ultrastructural changes,metabolic activity,and interactions with the material surface are analyzed.The results show that Aspergillus brasiliensis maintains high adaptability to microgravity,exhibiting thickened cell walls,enhanced spore formation,and increased metabolic activity.Corrosion analysis reveals that fungal attachment accelerates localized material degradation through organic acid secretion and oxygen concentration differentials.The microgravity environment further amplifies these effects by influencing fungal metabolism and altering corrosion dynamics.Compared to ground-based conditions,space-exposed samples show significantly higher organic acid concentrations and metal ion dissolution,indicating intensified corrosion.These findings enhance the understanding of microbial corrosion mechanisms in space and provide a foundation for antifungal strategies to improve the reliability of aerospace materials during long-term missions.展开更多
Fluorescence thermometry offers a non-contact strategy for early detection of thermal instabilities on complex spacecraft surfaces,enabling reliable in-orbit temperature mapping.However,simultaneously achieving high-s...Fluorescence thermometry offers a non-contact strategy for early detection of thermal instabilities on complex spacecraft surfaces,enabling reliable in-orbit temperature mapping.However,simultaneously achieving high-sensitivity fluorescence thermometry and efficient space radiative cooling remains challenging,as enhanced visible absorption improves thermometric response but increases solar heating.Here,we address this trade-off through a material-structure co-design strategy by developing an Eu-doped ZrO2submicrosphere metacoating that integrates space radiative cooling with fluorescence-based temperature sensing.Guided by photonic-structure optimization using a constrained-gradient optimizer combined with grid-search mapping,the optimized metacoating,featuring a submicrosphere diameter of 0.756μm and a volume fraction of 35%,achieves an ultralow solar absorptance(αs=0.076)and a high thermal emittance(ε=0.931).In parallel,bandgap-driven compositional optimization identifies an optimal Eu content of 8.48%,enabling outstanding thermometric performance.The metacoating delivers a net cooling power of 323.69 W m−2and a 77℃temperature reduction relative to an Al sheet,outperforming representative oxide-based inorganic coatings.It allows temperature sensing over 173-433 K with a maximum relative sensitivity of 0.797%K−1,surpassing fluorescent oxides with comparable absorption edges.Moreover,the metacoating maintains the lowestαsand reliable irradiation resistance under proton,electron,atomic oxygen and ultraviolet exposures,outperforming reported counterparts.Together with its scalable fabrication,this work establishes a dual-functional metacoating platform for intelligent spacecraft thermal management that combines efficient radiative cooling with high-sensitivity fluorescence thermometry.展开更多
摘要Additive manufacturing(AM),globally referred to as 3D printing,is a highly flexible manufacturing method that enables the design and creation of complex geometries with ease.This review article comprehensively examines the materials,methods,and applications of AM specifically for the space sector,while identifying current research gaps and proposing future directions.The primary advantages of AM over conventional subtractive manufacturing for space implementations include economic efficiency,unparalleled design freedom,high customizability,tailor-made production,and the ability to process a wide range of materials including metals,polymers,composites,and ceramics.The article focuses on space-grade materials such as high-performance alloys,polymers,and ceramics used in applications ranging from electronic equipment to propulsion systems.It provides a detailed analysis of prevalent metal AM techniques like powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition,as well as non-metal methods including used deposition modeling and selective laser sintering.Through specific case studies,it demonstrates how AM enables part consolidation,weight reduction,and the production of multifunctional components with integrated capabilities.This review will help readers comprehend current trends in space additive manufacturing and understand its future potential in next-generation space applications,from in-situ manufacturing to the realization of fully additively manufactured spacecraft.
基金supported by the NSFC(12301115)the Natural Science Foundation of Huzhou(2023YZ11,2024YZ37)the second author was supported by the NSFC(12071437).
摘要It is well known that the inhomogeneous Calderón-Zygmund convolution operators are bounded on the local Hardy spaces.In this paper,we prove that these operators are bounded on the local product Hardy spaces and the Lipschitz spaces.The key ideas used here are the discrete local Calderón identity and a density argument for the inhomogeneous product Lipschitz spaces in the weak sense.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42130202(CS),42564008(YJ))the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1604600(CS))+2 种基金supported by the Shenzhen Technology Project(Grant no.JCYJ20241202123905008)Ningxia Natural Science Foundation(No.2024AAC03080)the International Space Science Institute(ISSI)in Bern,through ISSI International Team project#556(Cross-scale energy transfer in space plasmas).
摘要How to transform an electromagnetic field across non-inertial frames of reference is a common challenge encountered in electromagnetic space measurements and analyses.Finding clear and precise ways to evaluate transformation formulas can be difficult.This study presents results of a thorough theoretical investigation that has yielded universal transformation formulas;these transformations are successfully applied to two specific scenarios.We find that,for space plasmas,if the relative velocities of structures are significantly lower than the speed of light,Galilean transformations are suitable.The transformations presented in this paper are applicable,in low speed situations,to electromagnetic fields,electric potentials and magnetic vector potentials,and to charge density and current density,measured in various non-inertial reference frames.Truncation errors associated with these simplified transformations are calculated and shown to be acceptable.These findings have broad implications for space physics measurements and analyses.We address two key issues related to non-inertial frame transformations:first,how to derive a general formula for the rotational electric potential of planets with intrinsic magnetic fields;second,how to verify rigorously the calculation of charge density from MMS(Magnetospheric Multiscale)electrostatic field measurements.We suggest that,due to the validity of the Coulomb gauge,the Poisson equation can be applied in situations of low-speed motion,allowing MMS measurement data to be used to calculate minimal-error charge density.
摘要At 11:00 p.m. on January 13, 2026, floodlights illuminated the launch pad at the Hainan Commercial Space Launch Site in Wenchang,south China’s Hainan Province. A Long March-8A (CZ-8A) carrier rocket lifted off with a steady roar, its exhaust lighting up the night sky as it delivered a satellite into its designated orbit.The development of China’s first commercial space launch site has been striking. Since its inaugural launch in2024, it has completed 11 missions in less than 14 months—each a success.
基金supported by the National Level Project of China(No.KJSP2023020201)the Foundation of Science and Technology on Aerospace Flight Dynamics Laboratory of China(No.kjw6142210240202)+1 种基金the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars of Chinathe Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China。
摘要In recent years,the rapid development of mega-constellations has significantly exacerbated the deterioration of the space debris environment,posing substantial and escalating threats to the safety of spacecraft.This study aims to explore the complex evolution of the space debris environment and assess the collision risks associated with spacecraft.First,a space debris environment topological network model is proposed,which incorporates interdisciplinary methods from topological networks,fluid mechanics,and spacecraft dynamics.This model enables a structured representation of the relationships among space objects and provides rapid predictions of the space debris environment.Then,a collision probability algorithm based on the topological network model is introduced.This algorithm inherits the efficiency advantages of the topological network model and has been validated for reliability through comparison with the classical ESA’s DRAMA software.Finally,based on the above models,the collision risks of constellation satellites in Low Earth Orbit(LEO)are analyzed,including both operational and deorbit processes.The study reveals that constellation satellites face a much higher risk of internal collisions with satellites from the same constellation during operations than that with other space objects.Additionally,during the satellite deorbit process,the collision risk peaks when satellites traverse the operational region of Starlink satellites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372045)the National Key Research and the Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFC2205900,2023YFC2205901)。
摘要This paper solves the problem of model-free dual-arm space robot maneuvering after non-cooperative target capture under high control quality requirements.The explicit system model is unavailable,and the maneuvering mission is disturbed by the measurement noise and the target adversarial behavior.To address these problems,a model-free Combined Adaptive-length Datadriven Predictive Controller(CADPC)is proposed.It consists of a separated subsystem identification method and a combined predictive control strategy.The subsystem identification method is composed of an adaptive data length,thereby reducing sensitivity to undetermined measurement noises and disturbances.Based on the subsystem identification,the combined predictive controller is established,reducing calculating resource.The stability of the CADPC is rigorously proven using the Input-to-State Stable(ISS)theorem and the small-gain theorem.Simulations demonstrate that CADPC effectively handles the model-free space robot post operation in the presence of significant disturbances,state measurement noise,and control input errors.It achieves improved steady-state accuracy,reduced steady-state control consumption,and minimized control input chattering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42272142 and 42230812).
摘要Characterizing shale oil reservoirs encompassing pore space,mineralogy,and fluids is fundamental to effective exploration and development.Recent advances in experimental techniques have significantly improved both the qualitative and quantitative analysis of these components;however,a comprehensive systematic review is lacking.High-resolution imaging technologies,such as Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM),Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM),and Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy(FIB-SEM),enable detailed visualization of pore structures.Gas adsorption and high-pressure mercury intrusion methods provide accurate pore-scale quantification.Moreover,techniques like X-ray Diffraction(XRD),X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy(XRF),and Electron Probe Microanalysis(EPMA)allow precise mineral identification and compositional analysis.Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy(CSLM),Raman Spectroscopy,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR),and Rock Pyrolysis provide insights into fluid occurrence and content within shale reservoirs.Based on a comprehensive review of existing research,this study identifies several key future directions:(1)addressing the challenges of nanopore observation in reservoir space characterization while minimizing the impact of sample preparation on pore structure;(2)improving the accuracy of quantitative mineral analysis and developing advanced new technologies for the precise measurement of complex mineral compositions;(3)enhancing the fluid quantitative evaluation of fluids by more effectively restoring subsurface geological conditions.This paper presents a current synthesis and forward-looking perspective on experimental techniques supporting shale oil exploration,aiming to guide future research and technological innovation in this field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62233014)。
摘要The Near Space Hypersonic Vehicle(NSHV)features a unique design and propulsion system,achieving exceptional speed,range,and maneuverability,which challenge ground-based radars.Space-Based Radar(SBR)offers a breakthrough for tracking NSHV targets,with allweather operation and freedom from Earth's curvature,but faces complex coordinate transformations.Traditional models often overlook the NSHV's dynamic gliding trajectory,especially the impact of hidden control variables on maneuvering,causing mismatches during rapid motion changes.This paper proposes a refined tracking model unified in the ECEF coordinate frame,incorporating model parameters that implicitly encode control laws,and presents an ExpectationMaximization Multi-swarm Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimization(EM-MCPSO)framework for both NSHV tracking and model parameter estimation to address this problem.To minimize conversion errors,a transformation matrix directly represented by the state in the EarthCentered Earth-Fixed(ECEF)coordinate is derived.Then the hybrid aerodynamic acceleration coefficients are introduced to precisely describe the dynamic behaviors,formulating target tracking as a joint estimation problem of state and parameters within EM framework.Finally,a self-learning algorithm based on a master–slave structured PSO is proposed to solve the optimization of the conditional expectations of EM under strong nonlinearity,with a Proportional-Derivative(PD)controller accelerating convergence,and updating the population structure with historical data.Simulations of vertical gliding and horizontal maneuvers validate the algorithm's effectiveness.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12002279 and 12232015)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,NWPU(Grant No.G2020KY05307).
摘要The determination of the steady configuration of flexible spacecrafts in the challenging space environment holds paramount importance for the prediction of structural mechanical behaviors and the monitoring of failures during in-service conditions.In this paper,based on the nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli beam model,the differential equations describing the steady configuration of an ultra-large spacecraft are transformed into polynomial equations by introducing the moment integration function and Taylor expansion,facilitating rapid and accurate solutions.Furthermore,accounting for the additional moment effect induced by axial component of the gravity-gradient force,the steady configuration under all loads is iteratively calculated starting from the equilibrium configuration under normal loads,resulting in a novel integral and iterative solving method under the combined action of gravity-gradient force and thermal load.Based on the above method,an empirical formula for the steady configuration involving multiple parameters is developed to solve the problem of rapid and accurate prediction of static configurations of large-scale spacecraft under different assembly states.The numerical results show that the proposed method can obtain highly accurate and stable solutions with only a few iterations.Additionally,it sheds light on the impact of spacecraft configuration asymmetry in the space force-thermal environment.Parameter analysis reveals that increasing the spacecraft’s length significantly amplifies the geometric nonlinearity of the structure,and adjusting the spacecraft’s attitude effectively constrains its deformation in the face of force-thermal conditions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Tianjin Education Commission(No.2020KJ124)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11601372)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF0706003)。
摘要Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent disease,with polyps serving as its precursors.Accurate polyp segmentation is crucial for early CRC prevention.However,due to different sizes of the polyps,the boundaries are not clear.Therefore,accurate segmentation of polyps is a challenging task.This paper proposes vision Mamba attention feature fusion UNet(VMA-UNet),a U-shaped asymmetric codec structure model grounded in the state space model(SSM).The VMA-UNet incorporates attention feature fusion(AFF)in order to enhance the feature representation of small polyps.A new IUD loss function,namely combining intersection over union(IoU)loss function and Dice loss function,is proposed to address both large polyps and small polyps,and to mitigate the issue of data imbalance.When applied to multiple datasets,VMA-UNet demonstrates robust performance,particularly in small polyp segmentation,showcasing its practical value.The network proposed in this paper overcomes the inherent shortcomings of convolutional neural network(CNN)and transformers,not only performing well in remote interaction modeling,but also maintaining linear computational complexity.Our study introduces a new method for polyp segmentation based on SSM and advances the field.
摘要To address the need for improving the efficiency of spray painting large and complex curved surfaces,this study investigates the arm-rail coordinated spray painting operation method and proposes a robot workspace calculation method for efficient spray area partitioning.The steps for calculating the workspace under the constraints of the principal normal vector and the conical pose domain are introduced,along with an analysis of the robot’s forward and inverse kinematics.Simulation validation was conducted using a wind turbine blade as the target object.The results show that the workspace based on conical pose domain constraints outperforms both the reachable workspace and the full-orientation workspace in terms of validity and coverage,significantly enhancing spray painting efficiency.Compared to traditional fixed-station spray painting systems,the arm-rail coordinated robot can expand the workspace,reduce the number of stations and spray overlap areas,thereby improving efficiency while ensuring coating uniformity.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(12461021)。
摘要The goal of this paper is to establish the boundedness of the p-adic fractional integral operator with rough kernel Iβ,Ω′pand its commutators generated by b∈Λγ(Qpn)(0<γ<1)and the Iβ,Ω′p on grand p-adic Herz spaces.
摘要Prolonged exposure to microgravity profoundly influences ocular physiology,giving rise to spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome(SANS),a significant concern for astronauts on long-duration missions.This review consolidates current evidence on ocular adaptations to spaceflight,encompassing pathophysiological mechanisms,diagnostic advances,related ocular conditions,and emerging countermeasures.Literature published between 2000 and 2025 was systematically examined across PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science,integrating both peer-reviewed studies and technical reports from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the European Space Agency.Findings indicate that ocular changes consistent with SANS affect approximately one-third of astronauts,with higher prevalence during missions exceeding six months.Hallmark features include optic disc edema,posterior globe flattening,and mild hyperopic shifts,attributed to cephalad fluid shifts,altered cerebrospinal fluid dynamics,venous congestion,and impaired glymphatic flow.Besides SANS,microgravity predisposes astronauts to dry eye disease,immune-related infections,and radiation-induced cataracts.Recent advances in in-flight optical coherence tomography,optical coherence tomo-graphy angiography,and ultrasound have enhanced early detection,while countermeasures such as lower body negative pressure,artificial gravity,and artificial intelligence-driven ocular monitoring show promise.Understanding ocular adaptations to space not only mitigates mission risks but also enriches terrestrial knowledge of intracranial pressure regulation and neuroophthalmic health.
摘要In this study,we introduce the sequence space lμ(p,Δm) with a fractional order μ.Furthermore,we give some topological properties of this space.Also we introduce α-,β-,andγ-duals of lμ(p,Δm) and its some matrix mappings.
摘要BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the associations between green space,the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index,and cardiovascular health outcomes.This study aims to examine the relationships between green space and chronic cardiovascular diseases among middle-aged and older Chinese adults,while also evaluating the potential mediating effect of the TyG index.METHODS Baseline and follow-up data were collected from the 2011 and 2015 waves,respectively,of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS).Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to address selection bias.City-level cluster-robust logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between green space(2011-2014)and hypertension,heart disease,and dyslipidemia.Counterfactual exploratory mediation analysis examined the mediating role of the TyG index.Restricted cubic splines were used to explore the dose-response relationships between green space and the outcomes.RESULTS Among 11,925 participants,each 1 standard deviation(0.0922)increment in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)was associated with a 13%lower risk of hypertension(OR=0.87,95%CI:0.83-0.92,P<0.001),with a linear dose-response relationship.No significant independent associations were observed for heart disease(OR=0.92,95%CI:0.82-1.03,P=0.142)or dyslipidemia(OR=0.96,95%CI:0.86-1.06,P=0.406).Mediation analysis showed that the TyG index partially mediated the NDVI-hypertension association(indirect effect P<0.05),the proportion mediated was 2.9%(95%CI:1.9%-4.1%).CONCLUSIONS Long-term residential green space exposure is significantly associated with a lower risk of hypertension in middle-aged and older Chinese adults,with the TyG index playing a modest partial mediating role.No significant independent associations were observed for heart disease or dyslipidemia.Enhancing urban greening may be an effective environmental strategy for the primary prevention of hypertension.
基金support by the Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant No.2022YFA1403900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12494594)+4 种基金the New Cornerstone Investigator ProgramHY is also supported by the International Young Scientist Fellowship of Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.202407)SXZ acknowledges the support from the Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2024ZD0301700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12574546)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB1680201 and YSBR-150).
摘要The search for non-ergodic mechanisms in quantum many-body systems has become a frontier area of research in non-equilibrium physics.In this work,we introduce Hilbert subspace imprint(HSI)-a new mechanism that enables evasion of thermalization,standing as an independent non-ergodic mechanism alongside quantum many-body scars(QMBS)and Hilbert space fragmentation(HSF).HSI manifests when initial states overlap exclusively with a polynomial scaling(with system size)set of eigenstates.We demonstrate this phenomenon through two distinct approaches:weak symmetry breaking and initial state engineering.In the former case,we observe that ferromagnetic states including those with a single spin-flip display non-thermal behavior under weak U(1)breaking,while antiferromag-netic states thermalize.In contrast,the Z2-symmetric model shows thermalization for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states.In the latter case,we engineer the initial state prepared by shallow quantum circuits that enhance the overlap with the small target subspace.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12161022)the Science and Technology Project of Guangxi(Grant No.Guike AD23023002).
摘要In this paper,we first obtain the density of compactly supported bounded functions in anisotropic infinite dimensional Banach space-valued Musielak-Orlicz spaces.Then,we present the sufficient condition for the space of compactly supported smooth functions to be dense in anisotropic infinite dimensional Banach space-valued Musielak-Orlicz spaces.Moreover,the modular density is also given.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52371048,51971032,and52071019)the Space Station Engineering Aerospace Technology Test Field Project,China(No.2019HJS002)。
摘要With the increasing duration of space missions,the impact of fungi on aerospace materials requires systematic investigation.We evaluate the adaptability of Aspergillus brasiliensis and its corrosion effects on aluminum alloy under space conditions through a 90-day experiment.Fungal growth characteristics,ultrastructural changes,metabolic activity,and interactions with the material surface are analyzed.The results show that Aspergillus brasiliensis maintains high adaptability to microgravity,exhibiting thickened cell walls,enhanced spore formation,and increased metabolic activity.Corrosion analysis reveals that fungal attachment accelerates localized material degradation through organic acid secretion and oxygen concentration differentials.The microgravity environment further amplifies these effects by influencing fungal metabolism and altering corrosion dynamics.Compared to ground-based conditions,space-exposed samples show significantly higher organic acid concentrations and metal ion dissolution,indicating intensified corrosion.These findings enhance the understanding of microbial corrosion mechanisms in space and provide a foundation for antifungal strategies to improve the reliability of aerospace materials during long-term missions.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U23A20565,52572077)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.2023ZKZD15)the Startup Fund for Young Faculty at Shanghai Jiao Tong University(Grant Nos.WH220405009,24X010502884).
摘要Fluorescence thermometry offers a non-contact strategy for early detection of thermal instabilities on complex spacecraft surfaces,enabling reliable in-orbit temperature mapping.However,simultaneously achieving high-sensitivity fluorescence thermometry and efficient space radiative cooling remains challenging,as enhanced visible absorption improves thermometric response but increases solar heating.Here,we address this trade-off through a material-structure co-design strategy by developing an Eu-doped ZrO2submicrosphere metacoating that integrates space radiative cooling with fluorescence-based temperature sensing.Guided by photonic-structure optimization using a constrained-gradient optimizer combined with grid-search mapping,the optimized metacoating,featuring a submicrosphere diameter of 0.756μm and a volume fraction of 35%,achieves an ultralow solar absorptance(αs=0.076)and a high thermal emittance(ε=0.931).In parallel,bandgap-driven compositional optimization identifies an optimal Eu content of 8.48%,enabling outstanding thermometric performance.The metacoating delivers a net cooling power of 323.69 W m−2and a 77℃temperature reduction relative to an Al sheet,outperforming representative oxide-based inorganic coatings.It allows temperature sensing over 173-433 K with a maximum relative sensitivity of 0.797%K−1,surpassing fluorescent oxides with comparable absorption edges.Moreover,the metacoating maintains the lowestαsand reliable irradiation resistance under proton,electron,atomic oxygen and ultraviolet exposures,outperforming reported counterparts.Together with its scalable fabrication,this work establishes a dual-functional metacoating platform for intelligent spacecraft thermal management that combines efficient radiative cooling with high-sensitivity fluorescence thermometry.