Heat stress severely impairs plant growth and productivity,particularly in cool-season crops such as Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa subsp.pekinensis).While short-term heat responses have been extensively studied,the me...Heat stress severely impairs plant growth and productivity,particularly in cool-season crops such as Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa subsp.pekinensis).While short-term heat responses have been extensively studied,the mechanisms underlying prolonged heat stress adaptation remain insufficiently understood.In this study,we conducted an integrative analysis of Chinese cabbage exposed to sustained high temperatures.Our approach combined physiological characterization,antioxidant profiling,and transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis to dissect long-term heat stress responses.Prolonged heat stress caused marked growth inhibition,including leaf chlorosis and a 39%reduction in leaf length by day 9.Biochemical analyses revealed a progressive accumulation of ROS,indicated by elevated MDA content,while increased SOD and APX activities reflected active antioxidant responses.Transcriptome analysis identified over 10,000 DEGs at both 2 and 5 days,reflecting dynamic transcriptional reprogramming.GO and KEGG enrichment highlighted a temporal shift from RNA modification to protein synthesis pathways.Six transcription factors,including BrHSF B-1,BrNAC13,and BrbZIP43,were strongly induced,suggesting roles as early and persistent stress responders.Together,our findings offer a comprehensive,time-resolved view of B.rapa responses to prolonged heat stress and offer potential molecular targets for enhancing thermotolerance in Brassica breeding programs.展开更多
Although coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(CNS),along with technological activities,plays a key role in fermented sausage flavour and nutrient production,the molecular mechanism of these activities remains elusive.In ...Although coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(CNS),along with technological activities,plays a key role in fermented sausage flavour and nutrient production,the molecular mechanism of these activities remains elusive.In this study,18 CNS strains with high proteolytic activity were isolated from Chinese Dong fermented pork(Nanx Wudl),and their technological and transcriptomic properties were investigated.After biochemical identification and genetic analysis,their technological properties,including nitrate reductase,catalase,antioxidant,and lipolytic activities and their growth under varying temperatures,salt concentrations,and p H levels were evaluated.Their aroma-producing potential was also determined in a model medium resembling fermented sausages.Transcriptomic analysis was performed using the most promising isolates.Biochemical identification and 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that the 18 Staphylococcus strains belonged to Staphylococcus xylosus,Staphylococcus saprophyticus,Staphylococcus carnosus,Staphylococcus sciuri,and Staphylococcus equorum.In terms of technological properties,16 strains showed a nitrate-reducing ability,while 11 strains had a lipolytic activity.All strains exhibited superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase activities;four strains displayed an SOD activity of>50%.They also tolerated 10%NaCl and 150 mg/kg of nitrite.They showed significant differences in ketone and acid production.The transcriptomic analysis of S.xylosus strains Sx3 and Sx6,which were selected because of their excellent enzymatic activities and aroma-producing ability,revealed the remarkable effect of genes related to pyruvate catabolism and amino acid metabolism on aroma generation.Therefore,this study provided valuable insights into the metabolic mechanisms underlying the technological properties of CNS and identified promising candidates as starter cultures in fermented sausage manufacturing.展开更多
Carrot(Daucus carota L.)is an important root vegetable crop belonging to the Apiaceae family.The biological clock,or circadian rhythm,is typically a 24 h endogenous cycle that plays a crucial role in how higher plants...Carrot(Daucus carota L.)is an important root vegetable crop belonging to the Apiaceae family.The biological clock,or circadian rhythm,is typically a 24 h endogenous cycle that plays a crucial role in how higher plants perceive environmental changes through its function as an internal timing molecular network.Photoperiod regulates growth and development processes,and also affects the chlorophyll synthesis of carrot plants.This study employed highthroughput transcriptome analysis technology to investigate changes in gene expression within chlorophyll metabolism-related genes of carrots under different treatments in a single photoperiod(24 h).Three distinct environments were used:photoperiodic lighting(16 h of light:8 h of dark,16L/8D),photoperiodic lighting(12 h of light:12 h of dark,12L/12D),and photoperiodic lighting(8 h of light:16 h of dark,8L/16D)conditions.Time-series sampling was conducted at 3 h intervals(24 h),during which chlorophyll values were measured.Subsequently,transcriptome sequencing was performed at four time points,and bioinformatics analysis was used to identify and annotate differentially expressed genes involved in chlorophyll metabolism.The present results demonstrate that long-day conditions(16L/8D)significantly promote the accumulation of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and total chlorophyll in carrot leaves,with peak values reaching 1.160 and 0.486 mg·g-1at 15 h,respectively.Transcriptome analysis revealed numerous differentially expressed genes(DEGs)associated with the circadian rhythm and chlorophyll metabolism across the different photoperiods.Key chlorophyll biosynthetic genes,such as Hem and POR,were upregulated under long-day conditions,whereas genes like CAO and CHL showed differential expression patterns indicative of photoperiodic regulation.The present findings provide a potential molecular basis for understanding how photoperiods regulate chlorophyll metabolism in carrots,revealing the intrinsic mechanisms of circadian rhythm regulation in carrots.展开更多
Photoperiod is important for plants to predict the changing trend of the environment and adjust their physiological,metabolic rhythm.In this study,we investigated the transcriptional responses of celery(Apium graveole...Photoperiod is important for plants to predict the changing trend of the environment and adjust their physiological,metabolic rhythm.In this study,we investigated the transcriptional responses of celery(Apium graveolens L.),an important leaf vegetable whose physiological cycles were photoperioddependent,under two different light regimes for 24 h:truncated photoperiod(light/dark:6 h/6 h,recorded as T)and full periodic illumination(light/dark:24 h/0 h,recorded as F).Samples were collected continuously for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing and differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were annotated and analyzed.Compared with the treatment beginning,4,466~7,398 DEGs were identified in each sample,with the largest number between T0h vs T12h.For comparison between T24h and F24h,the number of DEGs was the lowest(3,056).GO annotation showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in biological processes and cell composition.KEGG enrichment pathway analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly concentrated in the secondary metabolism-related pathways(lysine,phenylalanine,and flavonoids).Compared to truncated photoperiod,full periodic illumination for 24 h enhanced the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes(particularly AgCHS,AgFNS,and AgF3'H)and increased flavonoid accumulation.Our results demonstrated that the transcriptional rhythms of celery were dynamically regulated by both light-dark cycles and circadian clock mechanisms,with flavonoid pathway genes exhibiting particular sensitivity to photoperiodic changes.These findings provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant photoperiod responses and may serve as a valuable foundation for future research on the circadian regulation of plant metabolism and development.展开更多
Drought stress significantly impairs plants'growth and productivity.Festuca rubra,a perennial turfgrass,is valued for its strong drought tolerance.However,the integrated physiological and molecular mechanisms unde...Drought stress significantly impairs plants'growth and productivity.Festuca rubra,a perennial turfgrass,is valued for its strong drought tolerance.However,the integrated physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying this trait remain poorly understand.In this study,following 21 d of drought stress,systematic physiological and transcriptomic analyses were conducted on F.rubra.Compared with the well-watered controls,the plants under drought stressexhibited a significant decrease in key photosynthetic parameters,accompanied by a notable upregulation in antioxidant enzyme activities.Concurrently,these plants also showed an augmented accumulation of osmoregulatory substances,including proline and soluble sugars.Under drought stress,25,063differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified by transcriptome analysis,including AP2/ERF,NAC,and bHLH transcription factors.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment revealed the repression of photosynthesis concurrent with the activation of planthormone and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways.Furthermore,key genes involved in proline biosynthesis and peroxisomefunction were markedly upregulated,indicating enhanced osmotic adjustment and oxidative stress defense.These results clarify the coordinated droughtresponse mechanisms in F.rubra and provide valuable genetic resources for improving drought tolerance in turfgrass and related crops.展开更多
Lonicera japonica Thunb.is an important traditional Chinese medicinal resource.The synthetic pathways,as well as the functional genes involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic acids and flavonoids,have been intensively...Lonicera japonica Thunb.is an important traditional Chinese medicinal resource.The synthetic pathways,as well as the functional genes involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic acids and flavonoids,have been intensively studied;however,the mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation during the flowering stages remains largely unexplained.In this study,the L.japonica transcriptome and genome were used to identify the alternative splicing(AS)events that occur during L.japonica flowering and the relevant genes.A total of 31,739,30,752,31,147,and 32,071 AS events were identified based on a comparison of flowering stages with the first flowering stage,and 20,916,20,501,20,632,and 21,020 genes were involved in the AS events.Exon skipping(ES)has been identified as the most frequent type of alternative splicing event,whereas mutually exclusive exons(MXE)are typically among the least frequently occurring types.Functional analysis of genes underlying the two types of AS events showed these genes were mainly related to protein metabolism,RNA metabolism,cell cycle,transport,signaling,and secondary metabolism.Further pathway mapping analysis demonstrated the occurrence of AS event in chalcone isomerase(CHI),2'-hydroxyisoflavone reductase(IFR),tyrosine decarboxylase(TYDC),and strictosidine synthase(STR)genes,which are responsible for the production of liquiritigenin,vestitone,tyramine,and strychnine,respectively.PCR and sequencing confirmed these AS events,further validating our findings.Our study elucidates the correlation between alterations in secondary metabolism and alternative splicing events during L.japonica flowering,which enhances our understanding of the complex regulation of its secondary metabolism and provides a basis for subsequent in-depth exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of active ingredient synthesis in L.japonica.展开更多
Improving crop heat tolerance is essential under the increasingly frequent extreme temperature conditions worldwide.Cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz)is a tropical crop with strong resistance to high temperature and hi...Improving crop heat tolerance is essential under the increasingly frequent extreme temperature conditions worldwide.Cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz)is a tropical crop with strong resistance to high temperature and high light,whereas potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)is a temperate crop highly sensitive to heat stress.To elucidate the differences in heat stress responses between cassava and potato,this study combined transcriptome sequencing with hormonal profiling.The results revealed that cassava exhibited significant changes in hormone signaling with relatively lower amplitude,whereas potato showed large fluctuations in both hormone levels and signaling pathways.Transcriptome analysis identified numerous differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in cassava cultivars KU50 and SC205 and in potato cultivars FAVORITA and Qingshu No.9.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)identified 13 regulatory modules in cassava and 11 in potato.In cassava,heat-responsive transcription factors and heat shock proteins(HSPs)were generally downregulated,while genes involved in photosynthetic electron transport and lignin biosynthesis were upregulated;the opposite trend was observed in potato.RT-qPCR validation confirmed the transcriptome data.These findings provide valuable gene resources for breeding heat-tolerant crop varieties and offer insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying heat tolerance in tropical vs temperate crops.展开更多
TIR1/AFB proteins play key roles in plants responding to Solanum crop disease.In this study,five putative TIR1/AFB proteins were identified in pepper(Capsicum annuum).Chromosomal mapping revealed that CaTIR1/AFB genes...TIR1/AFB proteins play key roles in plants responding to Solanum crop disease.In this study,five putative TIR1/AFB proteins were identified in pepper(Capsicum annuum).Chromosomal mapping revealed that CaTIR1/AFB genes are located on chromosomes DH02,DH03,DH04,and DH06.Phylogenetic tree analysis based on TIR1/AFB protein sequences from Arabidopsis,tomato,and eggplant revealed that the CaTIR1/AFB genes in pepper belong to three of the four identified subgroups.One collinear gene pair(CaTIR1C and CaTIR1B)was identified in pepper,suggesting the TIR1/AFB gene family in pepper experienced segmental duplications in evolution.Seventy-eight cis-elements related to the hormone,defense,drought,and light response were identified.RNA-sequencing data and expression profiling showed that TIR1/AFB genes were expressed differently under R.solanacearum treatment;downregulated expression of all CaTIR1/AFBs was observed in the resistant variety,while CaTIR1C was upregulated in the susceptible variety.Subcellular localization analysis showed that CaTIR1C is a nuclear-localized protein.Further virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)assays revealed that knocking down CaTIR1C enhanced pepper resistance to R.solanacearum,indicating that CaTIR1C is a negative regulator in response to R.solanacearum.These findings contribute to the molecular breeding of bacterial wilt-resistant pepper and hold the potential to improve disease control efficiency by further exploring the function of CaTIR1C.展开更多
Perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne)is one of the most important cool-season grasses used for forage and turf purposes.Heat stress is the primary abioticfactor threatening its pastureurf persistence.In this study,heat-r...Perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne)is one of the most important cool-season grasses used for forage and turf purposes.Heat stress is the primary abioticfactor threatening its pastureurf persistence.In this study,heat-responsive genes common between or specific to two ryegrass varieties with contrastingheat tolerance traits were analyzed at the transcriptomic level.The result identified 5,399 common heat-responsive differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the two ryegrass varieties enriched in KEGG pathways such as ribosomes,spliceosomes,ribosome biogenesis,photosynthetic antenna proteins,etc.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)revealed specific DEGs in the heat-tolerant ryegrass variety that were mainly enriched inglyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,glycolysis,protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum,spliceosome,and ascorbate-glutathione cycle,etc.Furthermore,heat-tolerant variety-specific hub DEGs and transcription factors were also identified using Core Gene Co-expression Network analysis.Knowledge gained from this study provides a basis for the genetic improvement of heat-tolerant ryegrass and other cool-season perennial grass species.展开更多
Grafting is a useful cultivation technology to resist abiotic and biotic stresses and is an integral part of citrus production.However,some widely utilized rootstocks may still exhibit graft incompatibility in the orc...Grafting is a useful cultivation technology to resist abiotic and biotic stresses and is an integral part of citrus production.However,some widely utilized rootstocks may still exhibit graft incompatibility in the orchard.‘Hongmian miyou’(Citrus maxima(Burm.)Merrill)is mutated from‘Guanxi miyou’,but these two scions showed different compatibility with available Poncirus trifoliata rootstock.Foliage etiolation is an observed symptom of graft incompatibility,but its mechanism remains poorly understood.This study is the first to investigate the morphological,physiological,and anatomical differences between compatible and incompatible grafts,and perform transcriptome profiling at crucial stages of the foliage etiolation process.Based on comprehensive analyses,hormonal balance was disordered,and two rate-limiting genes,NCED3(9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 3)and NCED5,being responsible for ABA(abscisic acid)accumulation,were highlighted.Further correlation analysis indicated that IAA(indole-3-acetic acid)and ABA were themost likely inducers of the expression of stress-related genes.In addition,excessive starch accumulation was observed in the lamina and midribs of leaves of incompatible grafts.These results provide a new insight into the role of hormonal balance and ABA biosynthesis genes in regulating and contributing to graft incompatibility,and will further define and deploy candidate genes to explore the mechanisms underlying citrus rootstock–scion interactions.展开更多
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(Lamiaceae)is a traditional medicinal plant.Its main active components are tanshinones and salvianolic acid B(SAB).Abiotic elicitors such as silver ions(Ag+)and jasmonic acid methyl ester(MeJA...Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(Lamiaceae)is a traditional medicinal plant.Its main active components are tanshinones and salvianolic acid B(SAB).Abiotic elicitors such as silver ions(Ag+)and jasmonic acid methyl ester(MeJA)are reported to promote the accumulation of secondary metabolites in the hairy roots of S.miltiorrhiza.However,the mechanisms underlying the working of the elicitors remains unclear.For this reason,transcriptome quantitative analysis was conducted to describe the overall expression of elicitors-treated hairy roots,and key protein-encoding genes were identified in the MVA pathway which had a positive effect on tanshinone accumulation.Upstream genes in the biosynthetic pathway of SAB were more responsive to MeJA.Transcription factors(SmWRKY73,SmbHLH25),genes in the GA signaling pathway(SmGA2ox,SmGA3ox)and ABA signaling pathway(SmNCED,SmCYP707A)may be involved in regulating tanshinone and SAB biosynthesis.Upregulated transcription factors were highly correlated in response to Ag+treatment and MeJA treatment,and Ag+treatment had a better induction effect on transcription factors than MeJA treatment.Gene cluster mining and co-expression network construction further revealed the contribution of gene clusters to tanshinone biosynthesis,and Sm2OGD was likely involved in tanshinone biosynthesis.In conclusion,the current study screened the key genes for transcription factors and hormone signaling pathways that may promote the accumulation of tanshinones and SAB.The results improved the regulatory network of Ag+and MeJA-mediated secondary metabolite biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza hairy roots,and improved our insight into the regulatory mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of tanshinones and SAB.展开更多
Andrias davidianus(Chinese giant salamander,CGS)is the largest and oldest extant amphibian species in the world and is a source of prospective functional food in China.However,the progress of functional peptides minin...Andrias davidianus(Chinese giant salamander,CGS)is the largest and oldest extant amphibian species in the world and is a source of prospective functional food in China.However,the progress of functional peptides mining was slow due to lack of reference genome and protein sequence data.In this study,we illustrated full-length transcriptome sequencing to interpret the proteome of CGS meat and obtain 10703 coding DNA sequences.By functional annotation and amino acid composition analysis,we have discovered various genes related to signal transduction,and 16 genes related to longevity.We have also found vast variety of functional peptides through protein coding sequence(CDS)analysis by comparing the data obtained with the functional peptide database.Val-Pro-Ile predicted by the CDS analysis was released from the CGS meat through enzymatic hydrolysis,suggesting that our approach is reliable.This study suggested that transcriptomic analysis can be used as a reference to guide polypeptide mining in CGS meat,thereby providing a powerful mining strategy for the bioresources with unknown genomic and proteomic sequences.展开更多
Zoysia japonica(Z.japonica)is a warm-season perennial turfgrass commonly grown in the southeastern United States for its relatively low input requirements and general tolerance to drought,shade,and salinity.Improving ...Zoysia japonica(Z.japonica)is a warm-season perennial turfgrass commonly grown in the southeastern United States for its relatively low input requirements and general tolerance to drought,shade,and salinity.Improving freezing tolerance is critical for Z.japonica,as it could extend the northern boundaries that the species is able to be grown in.To deepen our understanding of the molecular basis of freezing tolerance in Z.japonica,a transcriptomic approach was utilized to identify genes involved in cold acclimation.‘Meyer',a freeze tolerant cultivar,and‘Victoria',a freeze susceptible cultivar were subjected to cold acclimation and non-cold acclimation treatments to determine the number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs).In response to cold acclimation,a total of 4,609 DEGs were up-regulated and 3,605 DEGs were down-regulated in‘Meyer',while 3,758 DEGs were up-regulated and 3,516 DEGs were down-regulated in‘Victoria'.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed several diverse pathways and biological processes,including photosynthesis,transmembrane transport,and plant hormone signal transduction.Integrating these information with previous studies on proteomics and QTL mapping,several candidate genes were identified to be associated with cold acclimation and freezing tolerance across different studies,such as LEA,CIPK,POD,HSF,HSP,MPK,PSII and multiple transcription factors.The candidate genes identified in this study showed great value in potentially being a target for future selection efforts for freeze-tolerant Z.japonica.展开更多
Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is a perishable fruit because of its fast water loss and susceptibility to pathogens in the post-harvest stage,which leads to huge economic losses every year.In this study,firstly from 19 t...Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is a perishable fruit because of its fast water loss and susceptibility to pathogens in the post-harvest stage,which leads to huge economic losses every year.In this study,firstly from 19 tomato cultivars,we screened out two cultivars,Riogrand and SalarF1,having long and short shelf-life spans,respectively.Secondly,shelf-life analysis was carried out for both cultivars at room temperature.Results exhibited that Riogrand showed higher firmness and less weight loss than SalarF1.The ethylene production was higher in SalarF1,compared with Riogrand during post-harvest storages.We performed transcriptomic analysis of both cultivars in different storage stages.We discovered 2913,2188,and 11,119 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)for three post-harvest stages(0,20,and 40 Days Post-Harvest(DPH)),respectively.These genes are enriched in ethylene biosynthesis and response,as well as cell wall-related genes.Ethylene response factor(ERF)ERF2 and ERF4 were highly expressed in SalarF1 with a short shelf life in 40 DPH,and the ethylene biosynthetic genes ACO1,ACO4,ACS6,and ACS2 were significantly upregulated in SalarF1.Regarding cell wall loosening and cell wall-related genes XTH3,XTH7,XTH23,1,3;1,4-β-D-Gluc-like,pGlcT1,Cellulase,PGH1,PL5,PL-like 1,PL-like 2 exhibited the highest levels of significance,being notably upregulated in the last stage of SalarF1.The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analysis validated these gene expressions,which is in line with the transcriptome analysis.The findings suggested that the extension of tomato fruit shelf life is mostly dependent on ethylene biosynthesis,signaling pathway genes,cell wall loosening,and cell wall-associated genes.展开更多
Foxtail millet(Setaria italica)is an important C4 model crop;however,due to its high-density planting and high stature,lodging at the filling stage resulted in a serious reduction in yield and quality.Therefore,it is ...Foxtail millet(Setaria italica)is an important C4 model crop;however,due to its high-density planting and high stature,lodging at the filling stage resulted in a serious reduction in yield and quality.Therefore,it is imperative to identify and deploy the genes controlling foxtail millet plant height.In this study,we used a semi-dwarf line 263A and an elite high-stalk breeding variety,Chuang 29 to construct an F2 population to identify dwarf genes.We performed transcriptome analysis(RNA-seq)using internode tissues sampled at three jointing stages of 263A and Chuang 29,as well as bulk segregant analysis(BSA)on their F2 population.A total of 8918 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were obtained from RNA-seq analysis,and GO analysis showed that DEGs were enriched in functions such as‘‘gibberellin metabolic process”and‘‘oxidoreductase activity”,which have previously been shown to be associated with plant height.A total 593 mutated genes were screened by BSA-seq method.One hundred and seventy-six out of the 593 mutated genes showed differential expression levels between the two parental lines,and seven genes not only showed differential expression in two or three internode tissues but also showed high genomic variation in coding regions,which indicated they play a crucial role in plant height determination.Among them,we found a gibberellin biosynthesis related GA20 oxidase gene(Seita.5G404900),which had a single-base at the third exon,leading to the frameshift mutation at 263A.Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence assay and association analysis proved the single-base in Seita.5G404900 co-segregated with dwarf phenotype in two independent F2 populations planted in entirely different environments.Taken together,the candidate genes identified in this study will help to elucidate the genetic basis of foxtail millet plant height,and the molecular marker will be useful for marker-assisted dwarf breeding.展开更多
Rui Chena,b,Tangbing Cui a,b,∗a School of Biology and Biological Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China b Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering,South China Un...Rui Chena,b,Tangbing Cui a,b,∗a School of Biology and Biological Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China b Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China The authors regret that the published version of this article contained several errors and omissions,which are described and corrected below.1.Figs.3 and 4(figure order and legends).In the published article,Figs.3 and 4 were inadvertently published in reversed order.The figures should be swapped so that the figure content matches its caption.The correct figures and their legends are provided on the following page.2.Title correction.The compound name in the published title was incorrectly typeset as“benzo[a]pyrene”The correct spelling is“benzo[a]pyrene.”3.Text corrections in Section 2.4.Several typographical errors occurred in Section 2.4(“Up-regulation of acetoin,lactate,and kanosamine biosynthesis under sodium gluconate treatment”).展开更多
Chinese bayberry(Myrica rubra)is a subtropical fruit rich in anthocyanins,which are significantly regulated by light during ripening.This study employed integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to investigat...Chinese bayberry(Myrica rubra)is a subtropical fruit rich in anthocyanins,which are significantly regulated by light during ripening.This study employed integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate the effects of light exposure on fruit quality and anthocyanin synthesis using various light-transmitting bag treatments.A greenhouse experiment demonstrated that no-transmitting bags(HQ)treatment during early fruit development significantly reduced coloration and quality indicators,including sucrose(55.3%),glucose(59.5%),fructose(37.5%),malic acid(36.6),oxalic acid(46.5),total flavonoids(60.1%),vitamin C(93.0%),and total anthocyanins(90.8%),while increasing acidity as compared to transmitting bags(WQ)treatment.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that expression levels of flavonoid synthesis genes were significantly reduced under light conditions.The expression of LDOX(Leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase)gene was notably higher in WQ treatment,potentially contributing to bayberry fruit coloration.Metabolomic analysis identified 44 differential metabolites related to anthocyanin synthesis,with proanthocyanidins,delphinidin-3-O-galactoside,pelargonidin glucoside,and paeonidin glucoside levels significantly higher in WQ treatment compared to HQ.Furthermore,the integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic data identified the transcription factor HY5 as a key regulator in light-mediated anthocyanin accumulation.Overall,this study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying light-regulated pigmentation in Chinese bayberry fruits.The findings contribute to understanding fruit quality development during ripening and offer a scientific basis for enhancing fruit quality and refining cultivation techniques in Chinese bayberry and similar fruit species.展开更多
To the Editor:Ovarian cancer(OC)is the third cause of death among women globally.[1]Approximately 90%of OC cases are derived from epithelial cells,and these tumors have distinct epidemiological,molecular,and clinical ...To the Editor:Ovarian cancer(OC)is the third cause of death among women globally.[1]Approximately 90%of OC cases are derived from epithelial cells,and these tumors have distinct epidemiological,molecular,and clinical characteristics.[2]High-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC)is the most common subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC)and has been widely investigated.[3]Ovarian carcinosarcoma(OCS),also known as malignant mixed mesodermal tumor,is a rare and aggressive tumor that typically develops in the female genital tract.[4]Histologically,OCS is considered a high-grade lesion that harbors both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components.[5]Although OCS accounts for only 1–4%of EOC cases,it presents the worst prognosis among all EOC subtypes,[6,7]with a median survival time(MST)of less than 18 months.[5]Due to its rarity,ovarian OCS is challenging to study through prospective trials,resulting in a limited understanding of the disease.Despite this,no targeted treatment strategies are specifically developed for OCS.展开更多
The WSC proteins produced by Penicillium expansum play a crucial role in causing blue mold on pears.To analyze the role of the WSC1 gene in the pathogenic process of this fungal pathogen,we conducted transcriptomic an...The WSC proteins produced by Penicillium expansum play a crucial role in causing blue mold on pears.To analyze the role of the WSC1 gene in the pathogenic process of this fungal pathogen,we conducted transcriptomic analysis of a WSC1 knockout(ΔWSC1)strain.The knockout of WSC1 significantly altered the gene expression profile in P.expansum,particularly for genes involved in cell wall integrity,signaling,stress response,and toxin production.The differential expression of these genes might make theΔWSC1 strain more vulnerable to environmental stress,while reducing the toxin production capacity,ultimately leading to a decrease in the pathogenicity.The transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to stress response signals,defense mechanisms and oxidative stress management changed when pear fruits were infected with theΔWSC1 strain.These changes may trigger a cascade of responses in pear fruits.In addition,compared with those infected with the wild-type strain,pear fruits infected with theΔWSC1 strain exhibited up-regulated expression of genes related to defense and oxidative stress.This study clarifies how the WSC1 gene influences P.expansum’s ability to infect pear fruits and how pear fruits respond to the infection.展开更多
The loss of a pregnancy,including ectopic pregnancy(EP)and early pregnancy loss(EPL),significantly impacts women’s quality of life.Unfortunately,definitive causes can be identified in less than half of EP and EPL cas...The loss of a pregnancy,including ectopic pregnancy(EP)and early pregnancy loss(EPL),significantly impacts women’s quality of life.Unfortunately,definitive causes can be identified in less than half of EP and EPL cases,presenting a substantial challenge for clinical treatment.Previous studies have revealed a significant relationship between the history of EPL and the increased risk of EP.1 Nevertheless,the interplay between EPL and EP remains unclear,highlighting the need to discover novel biomarkers to guide personalized treatment and clinical management.展开更多
基金supported by the RDA,Korea,under the project grant RS-2025-02214534in part by the World Vegetable Center Korea Office budget(WKO#10000379)。
摘要Heat stress severely impairs plant growth and productivity,particularly in cool-season crops such as Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa subsp.pekinensis).While short-term heat responses have been extensively studied,the mechanisms underlying prolonged heat stress adaptation remain insufficiently understood.In this study,we conducted an integrative analysis of Chinese cabbage exposed to sustained high temperatures.Our approach combined physiological characterization,antioxidant profiling,and transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis to dissect long-term heat stress responses.Prolonged heat stress caused marked growth inhibition,including leaf chlorosis and a 39%reduction in leaf length by day 9.Biochemical analyses revealed a progressive accumulation of ROS,indicated by elevated MDA content,while increased SOD and APX activities reflected active antioxidant responses.Transcriptome analysis identified over 10,000 DEGs at both 2 and 5 days,reflecting dynamic transcriptional reprogramming.GO and KEGG enrichment highlighted a temporal shift from RNA modification to protein synthesis pathways.Six transcription factors,including BrHSF B-1,BrNAC13,and BrbZIP43,were strongly induced,suggesting roles as early and persistent stress responders.Together,our findings offer a comprehensive,time-resolved view of B.rapa responses to prolonged heat stress and offer potential molecular targets for enhancing thermotolerance in Brassica breeding programs.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102016)the Taishan Industrial Experts Program。
摘要Although coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(CNS),along with technological activities,plays a key role in fermented sausage flavour and nutrient production,the molecular mechanism of these activities remains elusive.In this study,18 CNS strains with high proteolytic activity were isolated from Chinese Dong fermented pork(Nanx Wudl),and their technological and transcriptomic properties were investigated.After biochemical identification and genetic analysis,their technological properties,including nitrate reductase,catalase,antioxidant,and lipolytic activities and their growth under varying temperatures,salt concentrations,and p H levels were evaluated.Their aroma-producing potential was also determined in a model medium resembling fermented sausages.Transcriptomic analysis was performed using the most promising isolates.Biochemical identification and 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that the 18 Staphylococcus strains belonged to Staphylococcus xylosus,Staphylococcus saprophyticus,Staphylococcus carnosus,Staphylococcus sciuri,and Staphylococcus equorum.In terms of technological properties,16 strains showed a nitrate-reducing ability,while 11 strains had a lipolytic activity.All strains exhibited superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase activities;four strains displayed an SOD activity of>50%.They also tolerated 10%NaCl and 150 mg/kg of nitrite.They showed significant differences in ketone and acid production.The transcriptomic analysis of S.xylosus strains Sx3 and Sx6,which were selected because of their excellent enzymatic activities and aroma-producing ability,revealed the remarkable effect of genes related to pyruvate catabolism and amino acid metabolism on aroma generation.Therefore,this study provided valuable insights into the metabolic mechanisms underlying the technological properties of CNS and identified promising candidates as starter cultures in fermented sausage manufacturing.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KYLH2025002)the Open Research Project of Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education(2023-SYS-02)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Project(PAPD)the Bioinformatics Center of Nanjing Agricultural University.
摘要Carrot(Daucus carota L.)is an important root vegetable crop belonging to the Apiaceae family.The biological clock,or circadian rhythm,is typically a 24 h endogenous cycle that plays a crucial role in how higher plants perceive environmental changes through its function as an internal timing molecular network.Photoperiod regulates growth and development processes,and also affects the chlorophyll synthesis of carrot plants.This study employed highthroughput transcriptome analysis technology to investigate changes in gene expression within chlorophyll metabolism-related genes of carrots under different treatments in a single photoperiod(24 h).Three distinct environments were used:photoperiodic lighting(16 h of light:8 h of dark,16L/8D),photoperiodic lighting(12 h of light:12 h of dark,12L/12D),and photoperiodic lighting(8 h of light:16 h of dark,8L/16D)conditions.Time-series sampling was conducted at 3 h intervals(24 h),during which chlorophyll values were measured.Subsequently,transcriptome sequencing was performed at four time points,and bioinformatics analysis was used to identify and annotate differentially expressed genes involved in chlorophyll metabolism.The present results demonstrate that long-day conditions(16L/8D)significantly promote the accumulation of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and total chlorophyll in carrot leaves,with peak values reaching 1.160 and 0.486 mg·g-1at 15 h,respectively.Transcriptome analysis revealed numerous differentially expressed genes(DEGs)associated with the circadian rhythm and chlorophyll metabolism across the different photoperiods.Key chlorophyll biosynthetic genes,such as Hem and POR,were upregulated under long-day conditions,whereas genes like CAO and CHL showed differential expression patterns indicative of photoperiodic regulation.The present findings provide a potential molecular basis for understanding how photoperiods regulate chlorophyll metabolism in carrots,revealing the intrinsic mechanisms of circadian rhythm regulation in carrots.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Suqian(L202308)Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu(BE2022386)+3 种基金Jiangsu Seed Industry Revitalization Project(JBGS[2021]068)Coordinated Extension of Major Agricultural Technologies Program of Jiangsu(2022-ZYXT-01-3)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Project(PAPD)the high-performance computing platform of Bioinformatics Center of Nanjing Agricultural University.
摘要Photoperiod is important for plants to predict the changing trend of the environment and adjust their physiological,metabolic rhythm.In this study,we investigated the transcriptional responses of celery(Apium graveolens L.),an important leaf vegetable whose physiological cycles were photoperioddependent,under two different light regimes for 24 h:truncated photoperiod(light/dark:6 h/6 h,recorded as T)and full periodic illumination(light/dark:24 h/0 h,recorded as F).Samples were collected continuously for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing and differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were annotated and analyzed.Compared with the treatment beginning,4,466~7,398 DEGs were identified in each sample,with the largest number between T0h vs T12h.For comparison between T24h and F24h,the number of DEGs was the lowest(3,056).GO annotation showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in biological processes and cell composition.KEGG enrichment pathway analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly concentrated in the secondary metabolism-related pathways(lysine,phenylalanine,and flavonoids).Compared to truncated photoperiod,full periodic illumination for 24 h enhanced the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes(particularly AgCHS,AgFNS,and AgF3'H)and increased flavonoid accumulation.Our results demonstrated that the transcriptional rhythms of celery were dynamically regulated by both light-dark cycles and circadian clock mechanisms,with flavonoid pathway genes exhibiting particular sensitivity to photoperiodic changes.These findings provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant photoperiod responses and may serve as a valuable foundation for future research on the circadian regulation of plant metabolism and development.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF1307800,2024YFF1307802).
摘要Drought stress significantly impairs plants'growth and productivity.Festuca rubra,a perennial turfgrass,is valued for its strong drought tolerance.However,the integrated physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying this trait remain poorly understand.In this study,following 21 d of drought stress,systematic physiological and transcriptomic analyses were conducted on F.rubra.Compared with the well-watered controls,the plants under drought stressexhibited a significant decrease in key photosynthetic parameters,accompanied by a notable upregulation in antioxidant enzyme activities.Concurrently,these plants also showed an augmented accumulation of osmoregulatory substances,including proline and soluble sugars.Under drought stress,25,063differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified by transcriptome analysis,including AP2/ERF,NAC,and bHLH transcription factors.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment revealed the repression of photosynthesis concurrent with the activation of planthormone and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways.Furthermore,key genes involved in proline biosynthesis and peroxisomefunction were markedly upregulated,indicating enhanced osmotic adjustment and oxidative stress defense.These results clarify the coordinated droughtresponse mechanisms in F.rubra and provide valuable genetic resources for improving drought tolerance in turfgrass and related crops.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Province Key R&D Program Project(Grant No.2023C04019)the Research Initiation Funding of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(Grant No.23042215-Y)+1 种基金Zhejiang Province Basic Public Welfare Research Program(Grant No.LGC22H200012)Zhejiang Xinmiao Talents Program(Grant No.2023R406037).
摘要Lonicera japonica Thunb.is an important traditional Chinese medicinal resource.The synthetic pathways,as well as the functional genes involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic acids and flavonoids,have been intensively studied;however,the mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation during the flowering stages remains largely unexplained.In this study,the L.japonica transcriptome and genome were used to identify the alternative splicing(AS)events that occur during L.japonica flowering and the relevant genes.A total of 31,739,30,752,31,147,and 32,071 AS events were identified based on a comparison of flowering stages with the first flowering stage,and 20,916,20,501,20,632,and 21,020 genes were involved in the AS events.Exon skipping(ES)has been identified as the most frequent type of alternative splicing event,whereas mutually exclusive exons(MXE)are typically among the least frequently occurring types.Functional analysis of genes underlying the two types of AS events showed these genes were mainly related to protein metabolism,RNA metabolism,cell cycle,transport,signaling,and secondary metabolism.Further pathway mapping analysis demonstrated the occurrence of AS event in chalcone isomerase(CHI),2'-hydroxyisoflavone reductase(IFR),tyrosine decarboxylase(TYDC),and strictosidine synthase(STR)genes,which are responsible for the production of liquiritigenin,vestitone,tyramine,and strychnine,respectively.PCR and sequencing confirmed these AS events,further validating our findings.Our study elucidates the correlation between alterations in secondary metabolism and alternative splicing events during L.japonica flowering,which enhances our understanding of the complex regulation of its secondary metabolism and provides a basis for subsequent in-depth exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of active ingredient synthesis in L.japonica.
基金supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.324MS122)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32360458)the Startup Funds for the Double First-Class Disciplines of Crop Science at Hainan University(Grant No.RZ2100003362),all of which contributed to the successful completion of this research.
摘要Improving crop heat tolerance is essential under the increasingly frequent extreme temperature conditions worldwide.Cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz)is a tropical crop with strong resistance to high temperature and high light,whereas potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)is a temperate crop highly sensitive to heat stress.To elucidate the differences in heat stress responses between cassava and potato,this study combined transcriptome sequencing with hormonal profiling.The results revealed that cassava exhibited significant changes in hormone signaling with relatively lower amplitude,whereas potato showed large fluctuations in both hormone levels and signaling pathways.Transcriptome analysis identified numerous differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in cassava cultivars KU50 and SC205 and in potato cultivars FAVORITA and Qingshu No.9.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)identified 13 regulatory modules in cassava and 11 in potato.In cassava,heat-responsive transcription factors and heat shock proteins(HSPs)were generally downregulated,while genes involved in photosynthetic electron transport and lignin biosynthesis were upregulated;the opposite trend was observed in potato.RT-qPCR validation confirmed the transcriptome data.These findings provide valuable gene resources for breeding heat-tolerant crop varieties and offer insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying heat tolerance in tropical vs temperate crops.
基金supported by the Doctoral Fund of Baoding University(Grant No.2023B03)the Found of Innovation Capability Enhancement Special Project of Baoding Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.2494N005).
摘要TIR1/AFB proteins play key roles in plants responding to Solanum crop disease.In this study,five putative TIR1/AFB proteins were identified in pepper(Capsicum annuum).Chromosomal mapping revealed that CaTIR1/AFB genes are located on chromosomes DH02,DH03,DH04,and DH06.Phylogenetic tree analysis based on TIR1/AFB protein sequences from Arabidopsis,tomato,and eggplant revealed that the CaTIR1/AFB genes in pepper belong to three of the four identified subgroups.One collinear gene pair(CaTIR1C and CaTIR1B)was identified in pepper,suggesting the TIR1/AFB gene family in pepper experienced segmental duplications in evolution.Seventy-eight cis-elements related to the hormone,defense,drought,and light response were identified.RNA-sequencing data and expression profiling showed that TIR1/AFB genes were expressed differently under R.solanacearum treatment;downregulated expression of all CaTIR1/AFBs was observed in the resistant variety,while CaTIR1C was upregulated in the susceptible variety.Subcellular localization analysis showed that CaTIR1C is a nuclear-localized protein.Further virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)assays revealed that knocking down CaTIR1C enhanced pepper resistance to R.solanacearum,indicating that CaTIR1C is a negative regulator in response to R.solanacearum.These findings contribute to the molecular breeding of bacterial wilt-resistant pepper and hold the potential to improve disease control efficiency by further exploring the function of CaTIR1C.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos 32271755,32441041).
摘要Perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne)is one of the most important cool-season grasses used for forage and turf purposes.Heat stress is the primary abioticfactor threatening its pastureurf persistence.In this study,heat-responsive genes common between or specific to two ryegrass varieties with contrastingheat tolerance traits were analyzed at the transcriptomic level.The result identified 5,399 common heat-responsive differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the two ryegrass varieties enriched in KEGG pathways such as ribosomes,spliceosomes,ribosome biogenesis,photosynthetic antenna proteins,etc.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)revealed specific DEGs in the heat-tolerant ryegrass variety that were mainly enriched inglyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,glycolysis,protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum,spliceosome,and ascorbate-glutathione cycle,etc.Furthermore,heat-tolerant variety-specific hub DEGs and transcription factors were also identified using Core Gene Co-expression Network analysis.Knowledge gained from this study provides a basis for the genetic improvement of heat-tolerant ryegrass and other cool-season perennial grass species.
基金financially supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2019YFH0061,2020ZHCG0027,2019NZZJ0015).
摘要Grafting is a useful cultivation technology to resist abiotic and biotic stresses and is an integral part of citrus production.However,some widely utilized rootstocks may still exhibit graft incompatibility in the orchard.‘Hongmian miyou’(Citrus maxima(Burm.)Merrill)is mutated from‘Guanxi miyou’,but these two scions showed different compatibility with available Poncirus trifoliata rootstock.Foliage etiolation is an observed symptom of graft incompatibility,but its mechanism remains poorly understood.This study is the first to investigate the morphological,physiological,and anatomical differences between compatible and incompatible grafts,and perform transcriptome profiling at crucial stages of the foliage etiolation process.Based on comprehensive analyses,hormonal balance was disordered,and two rate-limiting genes,NCED3(9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 3)and NCED5,being responsible for ABA(abscisic acid)accumulation,were highlighted.Further correlation analysis indicated that IAA(indole-3-acetic acid)and ABA were themost likely inducers of the expression of stress-related genes.In addition,excessive starch accumulation was observed in the lamina and midribs of leaves of incompatible grafts.These results provide a new insight into the role of hormonal balance and ABA biosynthesis genes in regulating and contributing to graft incompatibility,and will further define and deploy candidate genes to explore the mechanisms underlying citrus rootstock–scion interactions.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR21H280002)Key Scientific and Technological Grant of Zhejiang for Breeding New Agricultural Varieties(2021C02074)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China for State Key Laboratory(81973415,31800255)Key project of the Central Government:Capacity Building of Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources(2060302).
摘要Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(Lamiaceae)is a traditional medicinal plant.Its main active components are tanshinones and salvianolic acid B(SAB).Abiotic elicitors such as silver ions(Ag+)and jasmonic acid methyl ester(MeJA)are reported to promote the accumulation of secondary metabolites in the hairy roots of S.miltiorrhiza.However,the mechanisms underlying the working of the elicitors remains unclear.For this reason,transcriptome quantitative analysis was conducted to describe the overall expression of elicitors-treated hairy roots,and key protein-encoding genes were identified in the MVA pathway which had a positive effect on tanshinone accumulation.Upstream genes in the biosynthetic pathway of SAB were more responsive to MeJA.Transcription factors(SmWRKY73,SmbHLH25),genes in the GA signaling pathway(SmGA2ox,SmGA3ox)and ABA signaling pathway(SmNCED,SmCYP707A)may be involved in regulating tanshinone and SAB biosynthesis.Upregulated transcription factors were highly correlated in response to Ag+treatment and MeJA treatment,and Ag+treatment had a better induction effect on transcription factors than MeJA treatment.Gene cluster mining and co-expression network construction further revealed the contribution of gene clusters to tanshinone biosynthesis,and Sm2OGD was likely involved in tanshinone biosynthesis.In conclusion,the current study screened the key genes for transcription factors and hormone signaling pathways that may promote the accumulation of tanshinones and SAB.The results improved the regulatory network of Ag+and MeJA-mediated secondary metabolite biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza hairy roots,and improved our insight into the regulatory mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of tanshinones and SAB.
基金funded by Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(KCXFZ20201221173207022)。
摘要Andrias davidianus(Chinese giant salamander,CGS)is the largest and oldest extant amphibian species in the world and is a source of prospective functional food in China.However,the progress of functional peptides mining was slow due to lack of reference genome and protein sequence data.In this study,we illustrated full-length transcriptome sequencing to interpret the proteome of CGS meat and obtain 10703 coding DNA sequences.By functional annotation and amino acid composition analysis,we have discovered various genes related to signal transduction,and 16 genes related to longevity.We have also found vast variety of functional peptides through protein coding sequence(CDS)analysis by comparing the data obtained with the functional peptide database.Val-Pro-Ile predicted by the CDS analysis was released from the CGS meat through enzymatic hydrolysis,suggesting that our approach is reliable.This study suggested that transcriptomic analysis can be used as a reference to guide polypeptide mining in CGS meat,thereby providing a powerful mining strategy for the bioresources with unknown genomic and proteomic sequences.
基金supported in part by funding provided by the NC State University Plant Breeding Consortium,the NC State University Center for Turfgrass Environmental Research and Education,and the United States Golf Association.
摘要Zoysia japonica(Z.japonica)is a warm-season perennial turfgrass commonly grown in the southeastern United States for its relatively low input requirements and general tolerance to drought,shade,and salinity.Improving freezing tolerance is critical for Z.japonica,as it could extend the northern boundaries that the species is able to be grown in.To deepen our understanding of the molecular basis of freezing tolerance in Z.japonica,a transcriptomic approach was utilized to identify genes involved in cold acclimation.‘Meyer',a freeze tolerant cultivar,and‘Victoria',a freeze susceptible cultivar were subjected to cold acclimation and non-cold acclimation treatments to determine the number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs).In response to cold acclimation,a total of 4,609 DEGs were up-regulated and 3,605 DEGs were down-regulated in‘Meyer',while 3,758 DEGs were up-regulated and 3,516 DEGs were down-regulated in‘Victoria'.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed several diverse pathways and biological processes,including photosynthesis,transmembrane transport,and plant hormone signal transduction.Integrating these information with previous studies on proteomics and QTL mapping,several candidate genes were identified to be associated with cold acclimation and freezing tolerance across different studies,such as LEA,CIPK,POD,HSF,HSP,MPK,PSII and multiple transcription factors.The candidate genes identified in this study showed great value in potentially being a target for future selection efforts for freeze-tolerant Z.japonica.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A20204)the“Wanjiang Scholar Program(Anhui Province)”.
摘要Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is a perishable fruit because of its fast water loss and susceptibility to pathogens in the post-harvest stage,which leads to huge economic losses every year.In this study,firstly from 19 tomato cultivars,we screened out two cultivars,Riogrand and SalarF1,having long and short shelf-life spans,respectively.Secondly,shelf-life analysis was carried out for both cultivars at room temperature.Results exhibited that Riogrand showed higher firmness and less weight loss than SalarF1.The ethylene production was higher in SalarF1,compared with Riogrand during post-harvest storages.We performed transcriptomic analysis of both cultivars in different storage stages.We discovered 2913,2188,and 11,119 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)for three post-harvest stages(0,20,and 40 Days Post-Harvest(DPH)),respectively.These genes are enriched in ethylene biosynthesis and response,as well as cell wall-related genes.Ethylene response factor(ERF)ERF2 and ERF4 were highly expressed in SalarF1 with a short shelf life in 40 DPH,and the ethylene biosynthetic genes ACO1,ACO4,ACS6,and ACS2 were significantly upregulated in SalarF1.Regarding cell wall loosening and cell wall-related genes XTH3,XTH7,XTH23,1,3;1,4-β-D-Gluc-like,pGlcT1,Cellulase,PGH1,PL5,PL-like 1,PL-like 2 exhibited the highest levels of significance,being notably upregulated in the last stage of SalarF1.The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analysis validated these gene expressions,which is in line with the transcriptome analysis.The findings suggested that the extension of tomato fruit shelf life is mostly dependent on ethylene biosynthesis,signaling pathway genes,cell wall loosening,and cell wall-associated genes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000702/ 2018YFD1000700)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOperating Expenses for Basic Scientific Research of Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
摘要Foxtail millet(Setaria italica)is an important C4 model crop;however,due to its high-density planting and high stature,lodging at the filling stage resulted in a serious reduction in yield and quality.Therefore,it is imperative to identify and deploy the genes controlling foxtail millet plant height.In this study,we used a semi-dwarf line 263A and an elite high-stalk breeding variety,Chuang 29 to construct an F2 population to identify dwarf genes.We performed transcriptome analysis(RNA-seq)using internode tissues sampled at three jointing stages of 263A and Chuang 29,as well as bulk segregant analysis(BSA)on their F2 population.A total of 8918 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were obtained from RNA-seq analysis,and GO analysis showed that DEGs were enriched in functions such as‘‘gibberellin metabolic process”and‘‘oxidoreductase activity”,which have previously been shown to be associated with plant height.A total 593 mutated genes were screened by BSA-seq method.One hundred and seventy-six out of the 593 mutated genes showed differential expression levels between the two parental lines,and seven genes not only showed differential expression in two or three internode tissues but also showed high genomic variation in coding regions,which indicated they play a crucial role in plant height determination.Among them,we found a gibberellin biosynthesis related GA20 oxidase gene(Seita.5G404900),which had a single-base at the third exon,leading to the frameshift mutation at 263A.Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence assay and association analysis proved the single-base in Seita.5G404900 co-segregated with dwarf phenotype in two independent F2 populations planted in entirely different environments.Taken together,the candidate genes identified in this study will help to elucidate the genetic basis of foxtail millet plant height,and the molecular marker will be useful for marker-assisted dwarf breeding.
摘要Rui Chena,b,Tangbing Cui a,b,∗a School of Biology and Biological Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China b Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China The authors regret that the published version of this article contained several errors and omissions,which are described and corrected below.1.Figs.3 and 4(figure order and legends).In the published article,Figs.3 and 4 were inadvertently published in reversed order.The figures should be swapped so that the figure content matches its caption.The correct figures and their legends are provided on the following page.2.Title correction.The compound name in the published title was incorrectly typeset as“benzo[a]pyrene”The correct spelling is“benzo[a]pyrene.”3.Text corrections in Section 2.4.Several typographical errors occurred in Section 2.4(“Up-regulation of acetoin,lactate,and kanosamine biosynthesis under sodium gluconate treatment”).
基金supported by the'Lingyan'R&D in Zhejiang(2023C02031)the special breeding program for new varieties in Zhejiang(2021C02066-2)+1 种基金the Project of Xianghu Laboratory(Grant No.2023C1S02002)Technology Planning Projects of Zhejiang Province(2024SSYS0100).
摘要Chinese bayberry(Myrica rubra)is a subtropical fruit rich in anthocyanins,which are significantly regulated by light during ripening.This study employed integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate the effects of light exposure on fruit quality and anthocyanin synthesis using various light-transmitting bag treatments.A greenhouse experiment demonstrated that no-transmitting bags(HQ)treatment during early fruit development significantly reduced coloration and quality indicators,including sucrose(55.3%),glucose(59.5%),fructose(37.5%),malic acid(36.6),oxalic acid(46.5),total flavonoids(60.1%),vitamin C(93.0%),and total anthocyanins(90.8%),while increasing acidity as compared to transmitting bags(WQ)treatment.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that expression levels of flavonoid synthesis genes were significantly reduced under light conditions.The expression of LDOX(Leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase)gene was notably higher in WQ treatment,potentially contributing to bayberry fruit coloration.Metabolomic analysis identified 44 differential metabolites related to anthocyanin synthesis,with proanthocyanidins,delphinidin-3-O-galactoside,pelargonidin glucoside,and paeonidin glucoside levels significantly higher in WQ treatment compared to HQ.Furthermore,the integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic data identified the transcription factor HY5 as a key regulator in light-mediated anthocyanin accumulation.Overall,this study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying light-regulated pigmentation in Chinese bayberry fruits.The findings contribute to understanding fruit quality development during ripening and offer a scientific basis for enhancing fruit quality and refining cultivation techniques in Chinese bayberry and similar fruit species.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81702569)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20221183)+3 种基金the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20211533)the Jiangsu Maternal and Child Health Research Association(No.FYX202344)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX23_1969)the Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation(No.YKK23156).
摘要To the Editor:Ovarian cancer(OC)is the third cause of death among women globally.[1]Approximately 90%of OC cases are derived from epithelial cells,and these tumors have distinct epidemiological,molecular,and clinical characteristics.[2]High-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC)is the most common subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC)and has been widely investigated.[3]Ovarian carcinosarcoma(OCS),also known as malignant mixed mesodermal tumor,is a rare and aggressive tumor that typically develops in the female genital tract.[4]Histologically,OCS is considered a high-grade lesion that harbors both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components.[5]Although OCS accounts for only 1–4%of EOC cases,it presents the worst prognosis among all EOC subtypes,[6,7]with a median survival time(MST)of less than 18 months.[5]Due to its rarity,ovarian OCS is challenging to study through prospective trials,resulting in a limited understanding of the disease.Despite this,no targeted treatment strategies are specifically developed for OCS.
摘要The WSC proteins produced by Penicillium expansum play a crucial role in causing blue mold on pears.To analyze the role of the WSC1 gene in the pathogenic process of this fungal pathogen,we conducted transcriptomic analysis of a WSC1 knockout(ΔWSC1)strain.The knockout of WSC1 significantly altered the gene expression profile in P.expansum,particularly for genes involved in cell wall integrity,signaling,stress response,and toxin production.The differential expression of these genes might make theΔWSC1 strain more vulnerable to environmental stress,while reducing the toxin production capacity,ultimately leading to a decrease in the pathogenicity.The transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to stress response signals,defense mechanisms and oxidative stress management changed when pear fruits were infected with theΔWSC1 strain.These changes may trigger a cascade of responses in pear fruits.In addition,compared with those infected with the wild-type strain,pear fruits infected with theΔWSC1 strain exhibited up-regulated expression of genes related to defense and oxidative stress.This study clarifies how the WSC1 gene influences P.expansum’s ability to infect pear fruits and how pear fruits respond to the infection.
基金supported by the Hangzhou Joint Fund of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LHZSD24H290001).
摘要The loss of a pregnancy,including ectopic pregnancy(EP)and early pregnancy loss(EPL),significantly impacts women’s quality of life.Unfortunately,definitive causes can be identified in less than half of EP and EPL cases,presenting a substantial challenge for clinical treatment.Previous studies have revealed a significant relationship between the history of EPL and the increased risk of EP.1 Nevertheless,the interplay between EPL and EP remains unclear,highlighting the need to discover novel biomarkers to guide personalized treatment and clinical management.