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- Milestones of Wireless Communication Networks and Technology Prospect of Next Generation(6G) 认领 引用 被引量：2
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- 作者 Mohammed H.Alsharif Md.Sanwar Hossain +3 位作者 Abu Jahid Muhammad Asghar Khan Bong Jun Choi Samih M.Mostafa 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2022年第6期4803-4818,共16页
- Since around 1980,a new generation of wireless technology has arisen approximately every 10 years.First-generation(1G)and secondgeneration(2G)began with voice and eventually introduced more and more data in third-gene... Since around 1980,a new generation of wireless technology has arisen approximately every 10 years.First-generation(1G)and secondgeneration(2G)began with voice and eventually introduced more and more data in third-generation(3G)and became highly popular in the fourthgeneration(4G).To increase the data rate along with low latency and mass connectivity the fifth-generation(5G)networks are being installed from 2020.However,the 5G technology will not be able to fulfill the data demand at the end of this decade.Therefore,it is expected that 6G communication networks will rise,providing better services through the implementation of new enabling technologies and allowing users to connect everywhere.6G technology would not be confined to cellular communications networks,but would also comply with non-terrestrial communication system requirements,such as satellite communication.The ultimate objectives of this work are to address the major challenges of the evolution of cellular communication networks and to discourse the recent growth of the industry based on the key scopes of application and challenges.The main areas of research topics are summarized into(i)major 6G wireless networkmilestones;(ii)key performance indicators;(iii)future new applications;and(iv)potential fields of research,challenges,and open issues. 展开更多
- 关键词 Wireless networks beyond 5G 6G communications terahertz frequency terahertz communications holographic calls
- Research and development of time resolution and time reference adjustment for CMS improved resistive plate chambers(iRPCs) 认领 引用
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- 作者 J.Song J.Zhao +104 位作者 Q.Hou W.Diao P.Cao H.Kou W.Gong N.Wang Z.-A.Liu A.Samalan M.Tytgat G.A.Alves F.Marujo E.A.Coelho E.M.Da Costa H.Nogima A.Santoro S.Fonseca De Souza D.De Jesus Damiao M.Thiel K.Mota Amarilo M.Barroso Ferreira Filho A.Aleksandrov R.Hadjiiska P.Iaydjiev M.Shopova G.Soultanov A.Dimitrov L.Litov B.Pavlov P.Petkov A.Petrov E.Shumka S.J.Qian C.Avila D.Barbosa A.Cabrera A.Florez J.Fraga J.Reyes Y.Assran M.A.Mahmoud I.Crotty R.Aly I.Laktineh G.Grenier M.Gouzevitch L.Mirabito L.Balleyguier C.Combaret W.Tromeur G.Galbit A.Luciol X.Chen I.Bagaturia I.Lomidze Z.Tsamlaidze O.Kemularia V.Amoozegar B.Boghrati M.Ebraimi M.Mohammad Najafabadi E.Zareian M.Abbrescia G.Iaselli G.Pugliese F.Loddo N.De Filippis D.Ramos L.Benussi S.Bianco D.Piccolo S.Meola S.Buontempo F.Carnevali L.Lista P.Paolucci A.Braghieri P.Salvini P.Montagna C.Riccardi P.Vitulo E.Asilar J.Choi T.J.Kim S.Y.Choi B.Hong K.S.Lee J.Goh Y.Lee C.Uribe Estrada I.Pedraza H.Castilla-Valdez A.Sanchez-Hernandez R.L.Fernandez M.Ramirez-Garcia E.Vazquez M.A.Shah N.Zaganidis A.Radi H.Hoorani S.Muhammad A.Ahmad I.Asghar J.Eysermans F.Torres Da Silva De Araujo the CMS Muon Group 《Radiation Detection Technology and Methods》 CSCD 2024年第4期1604-1613,共10页
- Purpose Improved resistive plate chambers(iRPCs)will be installed in the challenging forward region of the compact muon solenoid(CMS)during its Phase-2 upgrade.The design target of iRPC time resolution is 1.5 ns.It wi... Purpose Improved resistive plate chambers(iRPCs)will be installed in the challenging forward region of the compact muon solenoid(CMS)during its Phase-2 upgrade.The design target of iRPC time resolution is 1.5 ns.It will help the Level-1 trigger system distinguish the muons from high backgrounds and improve the trigger efficiency.Studying the time resolution after integrating the new backend electronics boards(BEB)is essential for ensuring timely performance.In this system,a time reference(Tref)signal is distributed by the BEB to several frontend electronics boards(FEB)to reset the time-to-digital converters(TDC).In the CMS experiment,the arrangement of the iRPC chambers and on-chamber FEBs is at different positions,resulting in varying Tref arrival times on the FEB side.This paper describes the measures taken to ensure the time resolution of the single path and adjust the time base for multi-paths.Method Unique designs were implemented in the chamber,FEB,and BEB to ensure a satisfactory time resolution.Tref adjustments for different paths were performed in bunch crossing steps(24.950 ns)in the BEB using shift registers.And the sub-bunch crossing adjustment steps were performed in the FEB using the TDC correction module.Finally,the arrival time differences of Tref on different FEBs were less than 1.25 ns after adjustment.Results The time resolution of the FEB–BEB system was observed to be 32 ps.The time resolution of the chamber FEB–BEB system was first measured and is 554 ps at an iRPC working point of 7200 V.In addition,the Tref arrival time differences of different paths were adjusted from−99.923(−90.113)ns to 0.073(−0.141)ns.Conclusion The test results revealed that the system time resolution and Tref adjustment performed by the BEB met the Phase-2 upgrade goals. 展开更多
- 关键词 CMS iRPC Backend electronics Time resolution Time reference Adjustment
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- Research and development of the back-end electronics for the two-dimensional improved resistive plate chambers in CMS upgrade 认领 引用 被引量：1
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- 作者 P.Cao Z-A.Liu +109 位作者 J.Zhao H.Kou J.Tao J.Song W.Gong N.Wang A.Samalan M.Tytgat N.Zaganidis G.A.Alves F.Marujo F.Torres.Da.S.ilva.De.Araujo E.M.Da Costa D.De Jesus Damiao H.Nogima A.Santoro S.Fonseca De Souza A.Aleksandrov R.Hadjiiska P.Iaydjiev M.Rodozov M.Shopova G.Sultanov M.Bonchev A.Dimitrov L.Litov B.Pavlov P.Petkov A.Petrov S.J.Qian C.Bernal A.Cabrera J.Fraga A.Sarkar S.Elsayed Y.Assran M.El Sawy M.A.Mahmoud Y.Mohammed X.Chen C.Combaret M.Gouzevitch G.Grenier I.Laktineh L.Mirabito K.Shchablo I.Bagaturia D.Lomidze I.Lomidze V.Bhatnagar R.Gupta P.Kumari J.Singh V.Amoozegar B.Boghrati M.Ebraimi R.Ghasemi M.Mohammadi Najafabadi E.Zareian M.Abbrescia R.Aly W.Elmetenawee N.De Filippis A.Gelmi G.Iaselli S.Leszki F.Loddo I.Margjeka G.Pugliese D.Ramos L.Benussi S.Bianco D.Piccolo S.Buontempo A.Di Crescenzo F.Fienga G.De Lellis L.Lista S.Meola P.Paolucci A.Braghieri P.Salvini P.Montagna C.Riccardi P.Vitulo B.Francois T.J.Kim J.Park S.Y.Choi B.Hong K.S.Lee J.Goh H.Lee J.Eysermans C.Uribe Estrada I.Pedraza H.Castilla-Valdez A.Sanchez-Hernandez C.A.Mondragon Herrera D.A.Perez Navarro G.A.Ayala Sanchez S.Carrillo E.Vazquez A.Radi A.Ahmad I.Asghar H.Hoorani S.Muhammad M.A.Shah I.Crotty 《Radiation Detection Technology and Methods》 CSCD 2021年第2期181-191,共11页
- Purpose To complement and ensure redundancy in the endcap muon system of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)detector and to extend the Resistive Plate Chamber(RPC)system coverage,improved RPCs(iRPCs)with either orthogonal ... Purpose To complement and ensure redundancy in the endcap muon system of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)detector and to extend the Resistive Plate Chamber(RPC)system coverage,improved RPCs(iRPCs)with either orthogonal layer strips with one-end electronics or single layer strips with two-end electronics providing more precise time measurement will be installed in the very forward pseudorapidity region of|η|<2.4.The iRPC readout system needs to support twodimensional(2D)or two-end readout.In addition,it must combine detector data with Timing,Trigger and fast Control(TTC)and Slow Control(SC)into one data stream over a bi-directional optical link with a line rate of 4.8 Gb/s between the Front-End Electronics(FEE)and the Back-End Electronics(BEE).To fulfill these requirements,a prototype BEE for the iRPC 2D chamber has been researched and designed.Methods A Micro-Telecommunication and Computing Architecture(μTCA)-based processing card was designed in this study to establish a prototype system together with aμTCA crate.The Giga-Bit Transceiver(GBT)protocol is integrated to provide bi-directional communication between the FEE and BEE.A server is connected with the BEE by a Gigabit Ethernet(GbE)link for SC and a 10-GbE link for Data AcQuisition(DAQ).Results The Bit Error Rate(BER)test of the back-end board and a joint test with the iRPC 2D prototype chamber were performed.ABERof less than 1.331×10−16 was obtained.The timemeasurement with a resolution of 3.05 nswas successfully realized,and detector efficiencies of 97.7%for longitudinal strips and 96.0%for orthogonal strips were measured.Test results demonstrate the correctness and reliability of the prototype BEE.Conclusion The BEE prototype satisfies the requirements for the iRPC 2D chamber,and it worked stably and reliably during a long-term joint test run. 展开更多
- 关键词 CMS iRPC TTC SC BEE μTCA GBT DAQ
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- Study on the SEIQR model and applying the epidemiological rates of COVID-19 epidemic spread in Saudi Arabia 认领 引用 被引量：8
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- 作者 Hamdy Youssef Najat Alghamdi +2 位作者 Magdy A.Ezzat Alaa A.El-Bary Ahmed M.Shawky 《Infectious Disease Modelling》 CSCD 2021年第1期678-692,共15页
- This article attempts to establish a mathematical epidemic model for the outbreak of the new COVID-19 coronavirus.A new consideration for evaluating and controlling the COVID-19 outbreak will be constructed based on t... This article attempts to establish a mathematical epidemic model for the outbreak of the new COVID-19 coronavirus.A new consideration for evaluating and controlling the COVID-19 outbreak will be constructed based on the SEIQR Pandemic Model.In this paper,the real data of COVID-19 spread in Saudi Arabia has been used for the mathematical model and dynamic analyses.Including the new reproductive number and detailed stability analysis,the dynamics of the proposed SEIQR model have been applied.The local sensitivity of the reproduction number has been analyzed.The domain of solution and equilibrium based on the SEIQR model have been proved using a Jacobian linearization process.The state of equilibrium and its significance have been proved,and a study of the integrity of the disease-free equilibrium has been carried out.The Lyapunov stability theorem demonstrated the global stability of the current model equilibrium.The SEIQR model has been numerically validated and projected by contrasting the results from the SEIQR model with the actual COVID-19 spread data in Saudi Arabia.The result of this paper shows that the SEIQR model is a model that is effective in analyzing epidemic spread,such as COVID-19.At the end of the study,we have implemented the protocol which helped the Saudi population to stop the spread of COVID-19 rapidly. 展开更多
- 关键词 COVID-19 Jacobian matrix Lyapunov stability Reproduction number SEIR model SEIQR model
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- Improved Multi-party Quantum Key Agreement with Four-qubit Cluster States 认领 引用
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- 作者 Hussein Abulkasim Eatedal Alabdulkreem Safwat Hamad 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2022年第10期225-232,共8页
- Quantum key agreement is a promising key establishing protocol that can play a significant role in securing 5G/6G communication networks.Recently,Liu et al.(Quantum Information Processing 18(8):1-10,2019)proposed a mu... Quantum key agreement is a promising key establishing protocol that can play a significant role in securing 5G/6G communication networks.Recently,Liu et al.(Quantum Information Processing 18(8):1-10,2019)proposed a multi-party quantum key agreement protocol based on four-qubit cluster states was proposed.The aim of their protocol is to agree on a shared secret key among multiple remote participants.Liu et al.employed four-qubit cluster states to be the quantum resources and the X operation to securely share a secret key.In addition,Liu et al.’s protocol guarantees that each participant makes an equal contribution to the final key.The authors also claimed that the proposed protocol is secure against participant attack and dishonest participants cannot generate the final shared key alone.However,we show here that Liu et al.protocol is insecure against a collusive attack,where dishonest participants can retrieve the private inputs of a trustworthy participant without being caught.Additionally,the corresponding modifications are presented to address these security flaws in Liu et al.’s protocol. 展开更多
- 关键词 Quantum key agreement 5G/6G communication networks collusive attacks quantum cryptography
- The Hyperbolic Two Temperature Semiconducting Thermoelastic Waves by Laser Pulses 认领 引用
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- 作者 Ismail M.Taye Kh.Lotfy +2 位作者 A.A.El-Bary Jawdat Alebraheem Sadia Asad 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2021年第6期3601-3618,共18页
- A novel model of a hyperbolic two-temperature theory is investigated to study the propagation the thermoelastic waves on semiconductor materials.The governing equations are studied during the photo-excitation processe... A novel model of a hyperbolic two-temperature theory is investigated to study the propagation the thermoelastic waves on semiconductor materials.The governing equations are studied during the photo-excitation processes in the context of the photothermal theory.The outer surface of o semiconductor medium is illuminated by a laser pulse.The generalized photo-thermoelasticity theory in two dimensions(2D)deformation is used in many models(Lord–Shulman(LS),Green–Lindsay(GL)and the classical dynamical coupled theory(CD)).The combinations processes between the hyperbolic two-temperature theory and photo-thermoelasticity theory under the effect of laser pulses are obtained analytically.The harmonic wave technique is used to obtain the exact solutions of the main physical fields under investigation.The mechanical,thermal and recombination plasma loads are applied at the free surface of the medium to obtain the complete solutions of the basic physical fields.Some comparisons are made between the three thermoelastcity theories under the electrical effect of thermoelectric coupling parameter.The influence of hyperbolic two-temperature,two-temperature and one temperature parameters on the distributions of wave propagation of physical fields for semiconductor silicon(Si)medium is shown graphically and discussed. 展开更多
- 关键词 Photo-thermo-elasticity theory semiconductors laser pulses hyperbolic two temperature harmonic waves thermo-elastic waves
- R&D of back-end electronics for improved resistive plate chambers for the phase 2 upgrade of the CMS end-capmuon system 认领 引用 被引量：1
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- 作者 H.Kou Z.-A.Liu +113 位作者 J.Zhao J.Song Q.Hou W.Diao P.Cao W.Gong N.Wang A.Samalan M.Tytgat M.El Sawy G.A.Alves F.Marujo E.A.Coelho F.Torres Da Silva De Araujo E.M.Da Costa H.Nogima A.Santoro S.Fonseca De Souza D.De Jesus Damiao M.Thiel M.Barroso Ferreira Filho K.Mota Amarilo A.Aleksandrov R.Hadjiiska P.Iaydjiev M.Rodozov M.Shopova G.Sultanov A.Dimitrov L.Litov B.Pavlov P.Petkov A.Petrov E.Shumka S.J.Qian C.Avila D.Barbosa A.Cabrera A.Florez J.Fraga J.Reyes Y.Assran M.A.Mahmoud Y.Mohammed I.Laktineh G.Grenier M.Gouzevitch L.Mirabito K.Shchablo C.Combaret W.Tromeur G.Galbit A.Luciol X.Chen I.Bagaturia I.Lomidze Z.Tsamalaidze V.Amoozegar B.Boghrati M.Ebraimi E.Zareian M.Mohammadi Najafabadi M.Abbrescia G.Iaselli G.Pugliese F.Loddo N.De Filippis R.Aly D.Ramos W.Elmetenawee S.Leszki I.Margjeka D.Paesani L.Benussi S.Bianco D.Piccolo S.Meola S.Buontempo F.Carnevali L.Lista P.Paolucci F.Fienga A.Braghieri P.Salvini P.Montagna C.Riccardi P.Vitulo E.Asilar J.Choi T.J.Kim S.Y.Choi B.Hong K.S.Lee H.Y.Oh J.Goh I.Yu C.Uribe Estrada I.Pedraza H.Castilla-Valdez R.L.Fernandez A.Sanchez-Hernandez E.Vazquez M.Ramirez-Garcia N.Zaganidis A.Radi H.Hoorani S.Muhammad A.Ahmad I.Asghar M.A.Shah W.A.Khan J.Eysermans I.Crotty on behalf of the CMS Muon Group 《Radiation Detection Technology and Methods》 CSCD 2022年第3期306-316,共11页
- Purpose The Large Hadron Collider(LHC)at European Organization for Nuclear Research is planned to be upgraded to the high luminosity LHC.Increasing the luminosity makes muon triggering reliable and offline reconstructi... Purpose The Large Hadron Collider(LHC)at European Organization for Nuclear Research is planned to be upgraded to the high luminosity LHC.Increasing the luminosity makes muon triggering reliable and offline reconstruction very challenging.To enhance the redundancy of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)Muon system and resolve the ambiguity of track reconstruction in the forward region,an improved Resistive Plate Chamber(iRPC)with excellent time resolution will be installed in the Phase-2 CMS upgrade.The iRPC will be equipped with Front-End Electronics(FEE),which can perform high-precision time measurements of signals from both ends of the strip.New Back-End Electronics(BEE)need to be researched and developed to provide sophisticated functionalities such as interacting with FEE with shared links for fast,slow control(SC)and data,in addition to trigger primitives(TPs)generation and data acquisition(DAQ).Method The BEE prototype uses a homemade hardware board compatible with the MTCA standard,the back-end board(BEB).BEE interacts with FEE via a bidirectional 4.8 Gbps optical paired-link that integrates clock,data,and control information.The clock and fast/slow control commands are distributed from BEB to the FEE via the downlink.The uplink is used for BEB to receive the time information of the iRPC’sfired strips and the responses to the fast/slow control commands.To have a pipelined detector data for clusterfinding operation,recover(DeMux)the time relationship of which is changed due to the transmission protocol for the continuous incoming MUXed data from FEE.Then at each bunch crossing(BX),clusteringfired strips that satisfy time and spatial constraints to generate TPs.Both incoming raw MUXed detector data and TPs in a time window and latency based on the trigger signal are read out to the DAQ system.Gigabit Ethernet(GbE)of SiTCP and commercial 10-GbE are used as link standards for SC and DAQ,respectively,for the BEB to interact with the server.Results The joint test results of the BEB with iRPC and Front-End Board(FEB)show a Bit Error Rate of the transmission links less than 1×10-16,a time resolution of the FEB Time-to-Digital Converter of 16 ps,and the resolution of the time difference between both ends of 160 ps which corresponding a spatial resolution of the iRPC of approximately 1.5 cm.Conclusion Test results showed the correctness and stable running of the BEB prototype,of which the functionalities fulfill the iRPC requirements. 展开更多
- 关键词 CMS iRPC BEE TP DAQ SC
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- 题名Milestones of Wireless Communication Networks and Technology Prospect of Next Generation(6G) 认领 引用 被引量：2
- 1
- 作者 Mohammed H.Alsharif Md.Sanwar Hossain Abu Jahid Muhammad Asghar Khan Bong Jun Choi Samih M.Mostafa
- 机构 Department of Electrical Engineering,College of Electronics and Information Engineering,Sejong University,209 Neungdong-ro,Gwangjin-gu Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Bangladesh University of Business and Technology Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering,University of Ottawa,ON K1N 6N5 Department of Electrical Engineering,Hamdard University Karachi,Islamabad Campus,Islamabad School of Computer Science and Engineering&School of Electronic Engineering,Soongsil University Faculty of Computers and Information,South Valley University Academy of Scientific Research and Technology
- 出处 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2022年第6期4803-4818,共16页
- 基金 This research was supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF),Korea(2019R1C1C1007277)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT),Korea.
- 摘要 Since around 1980,a new generation of wireless technology has arisen approximately every 10 years.First-generation(1G)and secondgeneration(2G)began with voice and eventually introduced more and more data in third-generation(3G)and became highly popular in the fourthgeneration(4G).To increase the data rate along with low latency and mass connectivity the fifth-generation(5G)networks are being installed from 2020.However,the 5G technology will not be able to fulfill the data demand at the end of this decade.Therefore,it is expected that 6G communication networks will rise,providing better services through the implementation of new enabling technologies and allowing users to connect everywhere.6G technology would not be confined to cellular communications networks,but would also comply with non-terrestrial communication system requirements,such as satellite communication.The ultimate objectives of this work are to address the major challenges of the evolution of cellular communication networks and to discourse the recent growth of the industry based on the key scopes of application and challenges.The main areas of research topics are summarized into(i)major 6G wireless networkmilestones;(ii)key performance indicators;(iii)future new applications;and(iv)potential fields of research,challenges,and open issues.
- 关键词 Wireless networks beyond 5G 6G communications terahertz frequency terahertz communications holographic calls
- 分类号 TN929.5 [电子电信—通信与信息系统]
- 题名Research and development of time resolution and time reference adjustment for CMS improved resistive plate chambers(iRPCs) 认领 引用
- 2
- 作者 J.Song J.Zhao Q.Hou W.Diao P.Cao H.Kou W.Gong N.Wang Z.-A.Liu A.Samalan M.Tytgat G.A.Alves F.Marujo E.A.Coelho E.M.Da Costa H.Nogima A.Santoro S.Fonseca De Souza D.De Jesus Damiao M.Thiel K.Mota Amarilo M.Barroso Ferreira Filho A.Aleksandrov R.Hadjiiska P.Iaydjiev M.Shopova G.Soultanov A.Dimitrov L.Litov B.Pavlov P.Petkov A.Petrov E.Shumka S.J.Qian C.Avila D.Barbosa A.Cabrera A.Florez J.Fraga J.Reyes Y.Assran M.A.Mahmoud I.Crotty R.Aly I.Laktineh G.Grenier M.Gouzevitch L.Mirabito L.Balleyguier C.Combaret W.Tromeur G.Galbit A.Luciol X.Chen I.Bagaturia I.Lomidze Z.Tsamlaidze O.Kemularia V.Amoozegar B.Boghrati M.Ebraimi M.Mohammad Najafabadi E.Zareian M.Abbrescia G.Iaselli G.Pugliese F.Loddo N.De Filippis D.Ramos L.Benussi S.Bianco D.Piccolo S.Meola S.Buontempo F.Carnevali L.Lista P.Paolucci A.Braghieri P.Salvini P.Montagna C.Riccardi P.Vitulo E.Asilar J.Choi T.J.Kim S.Y.Choi B.Hong K.S.Lee J.Goh Y.Lee C.Uribe Estrada I.Pedraza H.Castilla-Valdez A.Sanchez-Hernandez R.L.Fernandez M.Ramirez-Garcia E.Vazquez M.A.Shah N.Zaganidis A.Radi H.Hoorani S.Muhammad A.Ahmad I.Asghar J.Eysermans F.Torres Da Silva De Araujo the CMS Muon Group
- 机构 Department of Physics and Astronomy,Ghent University,Proeftuinstraat 86 Physics Department,Vrije Universiteit Brussel,Pleinlaan 2,Brussels Centro Brasileiro Pesquisas Fisicas,R.Dr.Xavier Sigaud,150-Urca,Rio de Janeiro Dep.de Fisica Nuclear e Altas Energias,Instituto de Fisica,Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,Rua Sao Francisco Xavier,Rio de Janeiro Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy,Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,Tzarigradsko Shaussee Boulevard 72 Faculty of Physics,University of Sofia,5 James Bourchier Boulevard School of Physics,Peking University State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.19（A）Yuquan Road,Shijingshan District Universidad de Los Andes,Carrera 1,No.18A-12 The British University in Egypt（BUE）,Elsherouk City,Suez Desert Road,P.O.Box 43 Suez University,Elsalam City,Suez-Cairo Road Egyptian Network for High Energy Physics,Academy of Scientific Research and Technology,101 Kasr El-Einy St. Center for High Energy Physics（CHEP-FU）,Faculty of Science,Fayoum University,El-Fayoum Physics Department,Faculty of Science,Helwan University,Ain Helwan Department of Physics,Faculty of Science,Ain Shams University CNRS/IN2P3,IP2I Lyon,Univ Lyon,Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1,Villeurbanne Georgian Technical University,77 Kostava Str.,Tbilisi School of Particles and Accelerators,Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences（IPM） School of Engineering,Damghan University,Damghan INFN,Sezione di Bari,Via Orabona 4 Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati（LNF）,Via Enrico Fermi 40,Frascati INFN,Sezione di Napoli,Complesso Univ.Monte S.Angelo,Via Cintia INFN,Sezione di Pavia,Via Bassi 6 INFN,Sezione di Pavia,University of Pavia,Via Bassi 6 Hanyang University,222 Wangsimni-ro,Sageun-dong,Seongdong-gu Department of Physics,Korea University,145 Anam-ro,Seongbuk-gu Kyung Hee University,26 Kyungheedae-ro,Dongdaemun-gu Sungkyunkwan University,2066 Seobu-ro,Jangan-gu,Gyeonggi-do Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla Cinvestav,Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco,Mexico City Universidad Iberoamericana,Mexico City Sultan Qaboos University,Al Khoudh National Centre for Physics,Quaid-i-Azam University,Islamabad Massachusetts Institute of Technology,77 Massachusetts Ave,Cambridge III.Physikalisches Institut（A）,RWTH Aachen University,Sommerfeldstrasse
- 出处 《Radiation Detection Technology and Methods》 CSCD 2024年第4期1604-1613,共10页
- 基金 supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1602101) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12035018) +26 种基金 We would also like to acknowledge the enduring support for the CMS Phase-2 upgrade and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies:FWO(Belgium) CNPq(Brazil),CAPES(Brazil) FAPERJ(Brazil) MES(Bulgaria) BNSF(Bulgaria) CERN CAS(China) MoST(China) MINCIENCIAS(Colombia) CEA(France) CNRS/IN2P3(France) SRNSFG(Georgia)[YS-21-1798] DAE(India) DST(India) IPM(Iran) INFN(Italy) MSIP(Republic of Korea) NRF(Republic of Korea) BUAP(Mexico) CINVESTAV(Mexico) CONACYT(Mexico) LNS(Mexico) SEP(Mexico) UASLP-FAI(Mexico) PAEC(Pakistan) DOE(USA) NSF(USA).
- 摘要 Purpose Improved resistive plate chambers(iRPCs)will be installed in the challenging forward region of the compact muon solenoid(CMS)during its Phase-2 upgrade.The design target of iRPC time resolution is 1.5 ns.It will help the Level-1 trigger system distinguish the muons from high backgrounds and improve the trigger efficiency.Studying the time resolution after integrating the new backend electronics boards(BEB)is essential for ensuring timely performance.In this system,a time reference(Tref)signal is distributed by the BEB to several frontend electronics boards(FEB)to reset the time-to-digital converters(TDC).In the CMS experiment,the arrangement of the iRPC chambers and on-chamber FEBs is at different positions,resulting in varying Tref arrival times on the FEB side.This paper describes the measures taken to ensure the time resolution of the single path and adjust the time base for multi-paths.Method Unique designs were implemented in the chamber,FEB,and BEB to ensure a satisfactory time resolution.Tref adjustments for different paths were performed in bunch crossing steps(24.950 ns)in the BEB using shift registers.And the sub-bunch crossing adjustment steps were performed in the FEB using the TDC correction module.Finally,the arrival time differences of Tref on different FEBs were less than 1.25 ns after adjustment.Results The time resolution of the FEB–BEB system was observed to be 32 ps.The time resolution of the chamber FEB–BEB system was first measured and is 554 ps at an iRPC working point of 7200 V.In addition,the Tref arrival time differences of different paths were adjusted from−99.923(−90.113)ns to 0.073(−0.141)ns.Conclusion The test results revealed that the system time resolution and Tref adjustment performed by the BEB met the Phase-2 upgrade goals.
- 关键词 CMS iRPC Backend electronics Time resolution Time reference Adjustment
- 分类号 O572.21 [理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]
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- 题名Research and development of the back-end electronics for the two-dimensional improved resistive plate chambers in CMS upgrade 认领 引用 被引量：1
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- 作者 P.Cao Z-A.Liu J.Zhao H.Kou J.Tao J.Song W.Gong N.Wang A.Samalan M.Tytgat N.Zaganidis G.A.Alves F.Marujo F.Torres.Da.S.ilva.De.Araujo E.M.Da Costa D.De Jesus Damiao H.Nogima A.Santoro S.Fonseca De Souza A.Aleksandrov R.Hadjiiska P.Iaydjiev M.Rodozov M.Shopova G.Sultanov M.Bonchev A.Dimitrov L.Litov B.Pavlov P.Petkov A.Petrov S.J.Qian C.Bernal A.Cabrera J.Fraga A.Sarkar S.Elsayed Y.Assran M.El Sawy M.A.Mahmoud Y.Mohammed X.Chen C.Combaret M.Gouzevitch G.Grenier I.Laktineh L.Mirabito K.Shchablo I.Bagaturia D.Lomidze I.Lomidze V.Bhatnagar R.Gupta P.Kumari J.Singh V.Amoozegar B.Boghrati M.Ebraimi R.Ghasemi M.Mohammadi Najafabadi E.Zareian M.Abbrescia R.Aly W.Elmetenawee N.De Filippis A.Gelmi G.Iaselli S.Leszki F.Loddo I.Margjeka G.Pugliese D.Ramos L.Benussi S.Bianco D.Piccolo S.Buontempo A.Di Crescenzo F.Fienga G.De Lellis L.Lista S.Meola P.Paolucci A.Braghieri P.Salvini P.Montagna C.Riccardi P.Vitulo B.Francois T.J.Kim J.Park S.Y.Choi B.Hong K.S.Lee J.Goh H.Lee J.Eysermans C.Uribe Estrada I.Pedraza H.Castilla-Valdez A.Sanchez-Hernandez C.A.Mondragon Herrera D.A.Perez Navarro G.A.Ayala Sanchez S.Carrillo E.Vazquez A.Radi A.Ahmad I.Asghar H.Hoorani S.Muhammad M.A.Shah I.Crotty
- 机构 Department of Physics and Astronomy,Ghent University,Proeftuinstraat 86,9000 Ghent Centro Brasileiro Pesquisas Fisicas,R.Dr.Xavier Sigaud,150-Urca,Rio de Janeiro Dep.de Fisica Nuclear e Altas Energias,Instituto de Fisica,Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,Rua Sao Francisco Xavier Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,Inst.for Nucl.Res.and Nucl.Energy,Tzarigradsko shaussee Boulevard 72,1784 Sofia Faculty of Physics,University of Sofia,5 James Bourchier Boulevard,1164 Sofia School of Physics,Peking University Institute of High Energy Physics,UCAS/CAS,19（B）Yuquan Road,Shijingshan District Universidad de Los Andes,Carrera 1E,no.18A 10 Egyptian Network for High Energy Physics,Academy of Scientific Research and Technology,101 Kasr El-Einy St. The British University in Egypt（BUE）,P.O.Box 43,Elsherouk City,Suez Desert Road Suez University,Elsalam City,Suez-Cairo Road Department of Physics,Faculty of Science,Beni-Suef University,Beni-Suef Center for High Energy Physics,Faculty of Science,Fayoum University Univ Lyon,Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1,CNRS/IN2P3,IP2I Lyon,69622 Villeurbanne Georgian Technical University,77 Kostava Str. Department of Physics,Panjab University School of Particles and Accelerators,Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences（IPM） School of Engineering,Damghan University INFN,Sezione di Bari,Via Orabona 4,70126 Bari INFN,Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati（LNF）,Via Enrico Fermi 40,00044 Frascati INFN,Sezione di Napoli,Complesso Univ.Monte S.Angelo,Via Cintia,80126 Naples INFN,Sezione di Pavia,Via Bassi 6 INFN,Sezione di Pavia and University of Pavia,Via Bassi 6 Hanyang University,222 Wangsimni-ro,Sageun-dong,Seongdong-gu Department of Physics,Korea University,145 Anam-ro,Seongbuk-gu Kyung Hee University,26 Kyungheedae-ro,Hoegi-dong,Dongdaemun-gu Sungkyunkwan University,2066 Seobu-ro,Jangan-gu,Gyeonggi-do,16419 Seoul Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla Cinvestav,Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco,CP 07360 Ciudad de Mexico Universidad Iberoamericana,Mexico City Sultan Qaboos University,Al Khoudh National Centre for Physics,Quaid-i-Azam University,Islamabad Department of Physics,Wisconsin University,Madison State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 出处 《Radiation Detection Technology and Methods》 CSCD 2021年第2期181-191,共11页
- 基金 the National Key Programme for S&T Research and Development(Grant NO.:2016YFA0400104) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12035018) the IHEP Innovation Fund(Y9545150U2).
- 摘要 Purpose To complement and ensure redundancy in the endcap muon system of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)detector and to extend the Resistive Plate Chamber(RPC)system coverage,improved RPCs(iRPCs)with either orthogonal layer strips with one-end electronics or single layer strips with two-end electronics providing more precise time measurement will be installed in the very forward pseudorapidity region of|η|<2.4.The iRPC readout system needs to support twodimensional(2D)or two-end readout.In addition,it must combine detector data with Timing,Trigger and fast Control(TTC)and Slow Control(SC)into one data stream over a bi-directional optical link with a line rate of 4.8 Gb/s between the Front-End Electronics(FEE)and the Back-End Electronics(BEE).To fulfill these requirements,a prototype BEE for the iRPC 2D chamber has been researched and designed.Methods A Micro-Telecommunication and Computing Architecture(μTCA)-based processing card was designed in this study to establish a prototype system together with aμTCA crate.The Giga-Bit Transceiver(GBT)protocol is integrated to provide bi-directional communication between the FEE and BEE.A server is connected with the BEE by a Gigabit Ethernet(GbE)link for SC and a 10-GbE link for Data AcQuisition(DAQ).Results The Bit Error Rate(BER)test of the back-end board and a joint test with the iRPC 2D prototype chamber were performed.ABERof less than 1.331×10−16 was obtained.The timemeasurement with a resolution of 3.05 nswas successfully realized,and detector efficiencies of 97.7%for longitudinal strips and 96.0%for orthogonal strips were measured.Test results demonstrate the correctness and reliability of the prototype BEE.Conclusion The BEE prototype satisfies the requirements for the iRPC 2D chamber,and it worked stably and reliably during a long-term joint test run.
- 关键词 CMS iRPC TTC SC BEE μTCA GBT DAQ
- 分类号 O572.21 [理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]
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- 题名Study on the SEIQR model and applying the epidemiological rates of COVID-19 epidemic spread in Saudi Arabia 认领 引用 被引量：8
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- 作者 Hamdy Youssef Najat Alghamdi Magdy A.Ezzat Alaa A.El-Bary Ahmed M.Shawky
- 机构 Mechanical Engineering Department,College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture,Umm Al-Qura University Department of Mathematics,Faculty of Applied Science,Umm Al-Qura University College of Science and Arts,Qassim University,Al Bukairiyah,Al Qassim Arab Academy for Science,Technology and Maritime Transport,Alexandria Science and Technology Unit（STU）,Umm Al-Qura University National Committee for Mathematics,Academy of Scientific Research and Technology
- 出处 《Infectious Disease Modelling》 CSCD 2021年第1期678-692,共15页
- 基金 The authors are grateful and thank the Research and Development Grants Program for National Research Institutions and Centres(GRANTS),Target Research Program,Infectious Diseases Research Grant Program,King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology(KACST) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,for funding this project and this work with grant number(5-20-01-007-0002).
- 摘要 This article attempts to establish a mathematical epidemic model for the outbreak of the new COVID-19 coronavirus.A new consideration for evaluating and controlling the COVID-19 outbreak will be constructed based on the SEIQR Pandemic Model.In this paper,the real data of COVID-19 spread in Saudi Arabia has been used for the mathematical model and dynamic analyses.Including the new reproductive number and detailed stability analysis,the dynamics of the proposed SEIQR model have been applied.The local sensitivity of the reproduction number has been analyzed.The domain of solution and equilibrium based on the SEIQR model have been proved using a Jacobian linearization process.The state of equilibrium and its significance have been proved,and a study of the integrity of the disease-free equilibrium has been carried out.The Lyapunov stability theorem demonstrated the global stability of the current model equilibrium.The SEIQR model has been numerically validated and projected by contrasting the results from the SEIQR model with the actual COVID-19 spread data in Saudi Arabia.The result of this paper shows that the SEIQR model is a model that is effective in analyzing epidemic spread,such as COVID-19.At the end of the study,we have implemented the protocol which helped the Saudi population to stop the spread of COVID-19 rapidly.
- 关键词 COVID-19 Jacobian matrix Lyapunov stability Reproduction number SEIR model SEIQR model
- 分类号 O175 [理学—数学] R181.3 [理学—基础数学]
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- 题名Improved Multi-party Quantum Key Agreement with Four-qubit Cluster States 认领 引用
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- 作者 Hussein Abulkasim Eatedal Alabdulkreem Safwat Hamad
- 机构 Faculty of Science,New Valley University,El-Kharga&the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences,Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences,Ain Shams University
- 出处 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2022年第10期225-232,共8页
- 基金 This project was financially supported by the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)in Egypt,under the project of Science Up,Grant no.6626.
- 摘要 Quantum key agreement is a promising key establishing protocol that can play a significant role in securing 5G/6G communication networks.Recently,Liu et al.(Quantum Information Processing 18(8):1-10,2019)proposed a multi-party quantum key agreement protocol based on four-qubit cluster states was proposed.The aim of their protocol is to agree on a shared secret key among multiple remote participants.Liu et al.employed four-qubit cluster states to be the quantum resources and the X operation to securely share a secret key.In addition,Liu et al.’s protocol guarantees that each participant makes an equal contribution to the final key.The authors also claimed that the proposed protocol is secure against participant attack and dishonest participants cannot generate the final shared key alone.However,we show here that Liu et al.protocol is insecure against a collusive attack,where dishonest participants can retrieve the private inputs of a trustworthy participant without being caught.Additionally,the corresponding modifications are presented to address these security flaws in Liu et al.’s protocol.
- 关键词 Quantum key agreement 5G/6G communication networks collusive attacks quantum cryptography
- 分类号 O413 [理学—理论物理] TN918.4 [理学—物理]
- 题名The Hyperbolic Two Temperature Semiconducting Thermoelastic Waves by Laser Pulses 认领 引用
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- 作者 Ismail M.Taye Kh.Lotfy A.A.El-Bary Jawdat Alebraheem Sadia Asad
- 机构 Department of Mathematics,College of Science Al-Zulfi,Majmaah University Department of Mathematics,Faculty of Science,Zagazig University,Zagazig t 3Arab Academy for Science,Technology and Maritime Transport,Alexandria Department of Mathematics,Faculty of Science,Taibah University,Madinah National Committee for Mathematics,Academy of Scientific Research and Technology
- 出处 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2021年第6期3601-3618,共18页
- 基金 funding this research work through the project number(IFP-2020-08).
- 摘要 A novel model of a hyperbolic two-temperature theory is investigated to study the propagation the thermoelastic waves on semiconductor materials.The governing equations are studied during the photo-excitation processes in the context of the photothermal theory.The outer surface of o semiconductor medium is illuminated by a laser pulse.The generalized photo-thermoelasticity theory in two dimensions(2D)deformation is used in many models(Lord–Shulman(LS),Green–Lindsay(GL)and the classical dynamical coupled theory(CD)).The combinations processes between the hyperbolic two-temperature theory and photo-thermoelasticity theory under the effect of laser pulses are obtained analytically.The harmonic wave technique is used to obtain the exact solutions of the main physical fields under investigation.The mechanical,thermal and recombination plasma loads are applied at the free surface of the medium to obtain the complete solutions of the basic physical fields.Some comparisons are made between the three thermoelastcity theories under the electrical effect of thermoelectric coupling parameter.The influence of hyperbolic two-temperature,two-temperature and one temperature parameters on the distributions of wave propagation of physical fields for semiconductor silicon(Si)medium is shown graphically and discussed.
- 关键词 Photo-thermo-elasticity theory semiconductors laser pulses hyperbolic two temperature harmonic waves thermo-elastic waves
- 分类号 O347.4 [理学—固体力学]
- 题名R&D of back-end electronics for improved resistive plate chambers for the phase 2 upgrade of the CMS end-capmuon system 认领 引用 被引量：1
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- 作者 H.Kou Z.-A.Liu J.Zhao J.Song Q.Hou W.Diao P.Cao W.Gong N.Wang A.Samalan M.Tytgat M.El Sawy G.A.Alves F.Marujo E.A.Coelho F.Torres Da Silva De Araujo E.M.Da Costa H.Nogima A.Santoro S.Fonseca De Souza D.De Jesus Damiao M.Thiel M.Barroso Ferreira Filho K.Mota Amarilo A.Aleksandrov R.Hadjiiska P.Iaydjiev M.Rodozov M.Shopova G.Sultanov A.Dimitrov L.Litov B.Pavlov P.Petkov A.Petrov E.Shumka S.J.Qian C.Avila D.Barbosa A.Cabrera A.Florez J.Fraga J.Reyes Y.Assran M.A.Mahmoud Y.Mohammed I.Laktineh G.Grenier M.Gouzevitch L.Mirabito K.Shchablo C.Combaret W.Tromeur G.Galbit A.Luciol X.Chen I.Bagaturia I.Lomidze Z.Tsamalaidze V.Amoozegar B.Boghrati M.Ebraimi E.Zareian M.Mohammadi Najafabadi M.Abbrescia G.Iaselli G.Pugliese F.Loddo N.De Filippis R.Aly D.Ramos W.Elmetenawee S.Leszki I.Margjeka D.Paesani L.Benussi S.Bianco D.Piccolo S.Meola S.Buontempo F.Carnevali L.Lista P.Paolucci F.Fienga A.Braghieri P.Salvini P.Montagna C.Riccardi P.Vitulo E.Asilar J.Choi T.J.Kim S.Y.Choi B.Hong K.S.Lee H.Y.Oh J.Goh I.Yu C.Uribe Estrada I.Pedraza H.Castilla-Valdez R.L.Fernandez A.Sanchez-Hernandez E.Vazquez M.Ramirez-Garcia N.Zaganidis A.Radi H.Hoorani S.Muhammad A.Ahmad I.Asghar M.A.Shah W.A.Khan J.Eysermans I.Crotty on behalf of the CMS Muon Group
- 机构 Department of Physics and Astronomy,Ghent University,Proeftuinstraat 86,9000 Ghent UniversitéLibre de Bruxelles,Avenue Franklin Roosevelt,50-1050 Bruxelles Centro Brasileiro Pesquisas Fisicas,R.Dr.Xavier Sigaud,Rio de Janeiro Department de Fisica Nuclear e Altas Energias,Instituto de Fisica,Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,Rua Sao Francisco Xavier,Rio de Janeiro Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,Institute for Nuclear Researches and Nuclear Energy,Tzarigradsko Shaussee Boulevard 72,1784 Sofia Faculty of Physics,University of Sofia,5 James Bourchier Boulevard,1164 Sofia School of Physics,Peking University State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Main Building,No.19（A）Yuquan Road,Shijingshan District Universidad de Los Andes,Carrera 1,No.18A-12 Egyptian Network for High Energy Physics,Academy of Scientific Research and Technology,101 Kasr El-Einy St. Suez University,Cairo Road,Elsalam City Center for High Energy Physics（CHEP-FU）,Faculty of Science,Fayoum University Univ Lyon,Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1,CNRS/IN2P3,IP2I Lyon,69622 Villeurbanne Georgian Technical University,77 Kostava Str.,0175 Tbilisi School of Particles and Accelerators,Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences（IPM）,P.O.Box 19395-5531 Tehran School of Engineering,Damghan University INFN,Sezione di Bari,Via Orabona 4,70126 Bari INFN,Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati（LNF）,Via Enrico Fermi 40,00044 Frascati INFN,Sezione di Napoli,Complesso University Monte S.Angelo,Via Cintia,80126 Napoli Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione,UniversitàDegli Studi di Napoli Federico II,80126 Napoli INFN,Sezione di Pavia,Via Bassi 6 INFN,Sezione di Pavia and University of Pavia,Via Bassi 6 Hanyang University,222 Wangsimni-ro,Sageun-dong,Seongdong-gu Department of Physics,Korea University,145 Anam-ro,Seongbuk-gu Kyung Hee University,26 Kyungheedae-ro,Dongdaemun-gu Sungkyunkwan University,2066 Seobu-ro,Jangan-gu Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla Cinvestav,Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco,CP 07360 Ciudad de Mexico D.F. Universidad Iberoamericana,Mexico City Sultan Qaboos University,Al Khoudh,123 Seeb National Centre for Physics,Quaid-i-Azam University,Islamabad Massachusetts Institute of Technology,77 Massachusetts Ave.,Cambridge Department of Physics,Wisconsin University,Madison
- 出处 《Radiation Detection Technology and Methods》 CSCD 2022年第3期306-316,共11页
- 基金 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12035018) the IHEP Innovation Fund(Y9545150U2) the National Key Programme for S&T Research and Development(Grant No.:2016YFA0400104).
- 摘要 Purpose The Large Hadron Collider(LHC)at European Organization for Nuclear Research is planned to be upgraded to the high luminosity LHC.Increasing the luminosity makes muon triggering reliable and offline reconstruction very challenging.To enhance the redundancy of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)Muon system and resolve the ambiguity of track reconstruction in the forward region,an improved Resistive Plate Chamber(iRPC)with excellent time resolution will be installed in the Phase-2 CMS upgrade.The iRPC will be equipped with Front-End Electronics(FEE),which can perform high-precision time measurements of signals from both ends of the strip.New Back-End Electronics(BEE)need to be researched and developed to provide sophisticated functionalities such as interacting with FEE with shared links for fast,slow control(SC)and data,in addition to trigger primitives(TPs)generation and data acquisition(DAQ).Method The BEE prototype uses a homemade hardware board compatible with the MTCA standard,the back-end board(BEB).BEE interacts with FEE via a bidirectional 4.8 Gbps optical paired-link that integrates clock,data,and control information.The clock and fast/slow control commands are distributed from BEB to the FEE via the downlink.The uplink is used for BEB to receive the time information of the iRPC’sfired strips and the responses to the fast/slow control commands.To have a pipelined detector data for clusterfinding operation,recover(DeMux)the time relationship of which is changed due to the transmission protocol for the continuous incoming MUXed data from FEE.Then at each bunch crossing(BX),clusteringfired strips that satisfy time and spatial constraints to generate TPs.Both incoming raw MUXed detector data and TPs in a time window and latency based on the trigger signal are read out to the DAQ system.Gigabit Ethernet(GbE)of SiTCP and commercial 10-GbE are used as link standards for SC and DAQ,respectively,for the BEB to interact with the server.Results The joint test results of the BEB with iRPC and Front-End Board(FEB)show a Bit Error Rate of the transmission links less than 1×10-16,a time resolution of the FEB Time-to-Digital Converter of 16 ps,and the resolution of the time difference between both ends of 160 ps which corresponding a spatial resolution of the iRPC of approximately 1.5 cm.Conclusion Test results showed the correctness and stable running of the BEB prototype,of which the functionalities fulfill the iRPC requirements.
- 关键词 CMS iRPC BEE TP DAQ SC
- 分类号 O572.21 [理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]
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