With distinctive phase-change and switching properties,chalcogenide materials have emerged as critical components in various cutting-edge technologies.This review attempts to provide an overview of chalcogenide materi...With distinctive phase-change and switching properties,chalcogenide materials have emerged as critical components in various cutting-edge technologies.This review attempts to provide an overview of chalcogenide materials,from their fundamental properties to their diverse applications with focus on memory and sensing technologies,which are indispensable components in human-like electronic artificial sensory systems.After reviewing the synthesis and application of chalcogenide materials with respect to dimensionality,we focus on the key advances in(1)memory devices,including phase-change memory(PCM),ovonic threshold switching(OTS)selectors,and selector-only memory(SOM),and(2)sensing devices,including optical sensors,gas sensors,and neuromorphic sensors.Emphasis will be given on how chalcogenide materials can be integrated into next-generation systems,such as wearable platforms,artificial intelligence,and neuromorphic/quantum computing systems,to meet the growing demands for high-performance memory and multi-functional sensing.We also provide an overview of emerging research trends as well as a comprehensive perspective on the current status of research on chalcogenides.Finally,we attempt to provide insights into how chalcogenides can continue to drive technological breakthroughs in both memory and sensing applications while shaping the future landscape of intelligent systems,smart sensing platforms,and sustainable technology development.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have developed rapidly,positioning them as potential candidates for nextgeneration renewable energy sources.However,conventional trial-and-error approaches and the vast compositional parame...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have developed rapidly,positioning them as potential candidates for nextgeneration renewable energy sources.However,conventional trial-and-error approaches and the vast compositional parameter space continue to pose challenges in the pursuit of exceptional performance and high stability of perovskite-based optoelectronics.The increasing demand for novel materials in optoelectronic devices and establishment of substantial databases has enabled data-driven machinelearning(ML)approaches to swiftly advance in the materials field.This review succinctly outlines the fundamental ML procedures,techniques,and recent breakthroughs,particularly in predicting the physical characteristics of perovskite materials.Moreover,it highlights research endeavors aimed at optimizing and screening materials to enhance the efficiency and stability of PSCs.Additionally,this review highlights recent efforts in using characterization data for ML,exploring their correlations with material properties and device performance,which are actively being researched,but they have yet to receive significant attention.Lastly,we provide future perspectives,such as leveraging Large Language Models(LLMs)and text-mining,to expedite the discovery of novel perovskite materials and expand their utilization across various optoelectronic fields.展开更多
A comp rehensive understanding of the quantity and nature of activator sites is crucial for studying the luminescence performance of phosphors doped with rare earth activators.This research focuses on Eu3+-doped Li...A comp rehensive understanding of the quantity and nature of activator sites is crucial for studying the luminescence performance of phosphors doped with rare earth activators.This research focuses on Eu3+-doped LiAlB2O5,and Eu3+/Si^(4+) co-doped LiAlB2O5 ceramic phosphors,which were synthesized using a traditional solid-state reaction method.The pure crystalline phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Rietveld refinements.The surface characteristics were investigated via scanning electron micros copy(SEM).The luminescence properties such as photoluminescence(PL) spectra,decay curves,CIE color coordinates and quantum efficiency were reported.Site-selective excitation and emission spectra related to the radiative transitions from 7F0 to 5D0 were investigated using a tunable pulsed dye laser(570-590 nm).All samples display a single dominant transition peak at 580.15 nm(17237 cm-1)corresponding to the 7F0 to 5D0 transition,indicating the presence of only one type of Eu3+ center within the lattice.The incorporation of Si^(4+) alongside Eu3+ in LiAlB2O5 not only significantly enhances red luminescence efficiency but also improves thermal stability.The inhomogeneous disorder surrounding the Eu3+ ions,caused by the excess Si4+ occupying Al3+ sites,results in a notable distortion of the crystal field around the Eu3+ centers.This lattice distortion from the substitution of multiple cations effectively increases both the emission efficiency and thermal activation energy of the Eu3+-doped phosphors.The cation disorder was analyzed through the excitation and luminesce nce characteristics in the region of the 5D0 to 7F0 transitions.These findings enhance the potential of using Eu3+ as a probe for investigating the microstructure of rare-earth sites in phosphors.展开更多
Defect engineering holds great promise for tailoring the multifunctional properties of MXenes.However,quantitative correlations between defect and material performance remain largely unexplored due to the lack of a re...Defect engineering holds great promise for tailoring the multifunctional properties of MXenes.However,quantitative correlations between defect and material performance remain largely unexplored due to the lack of a reliable strategy to precisely control defect densities.Here,we demonstrate that the defect density of Ti3C2Tx MXenes—including titanium and carbon vacancies,substitutional oxygen defects,and the associated lattice strain—is precisely controlled by adjusting carbon stoichiometry during TiC precursor synthesis and aluminum content during Ti3AlC2 MAX formation.The defect densities propagate from precursors to final MXenes,enabling the fabrication of a series of Ti3C2Tx MXenes with systematically controlled defect densities.This allows a quantitative correlation between defect density and multifunctional properties including electrical and thermal conductivities,infrared emissivity,electromagnetic shielding effectiveness,Joule heating performance,and oxidation stability.The defect-minimized Ti3C2Tx MXene exhibits outstanding performance,with an electrical conductivity of 26,000 S cm−1,thermal conductivity of 57 W m−1 K−1,electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 90.5 dB at 10μm,Joule heating performance of 263℃ at 1.5 V,ultralow infrared emissivity of 0.05,and superior oxidation resistance(activation energy of 72 kJ mol−1).Furthermore,this work establishes a comprehensive quantitative framework linking defect structure to multifunctional performance and stability.展开更多
The latest developments in bio-inspired neuromorphic vision sensors can be summarized in 3 keywords:smaller,faster,and smarter.(1)Smaller:Devices are becoming more compact by integrating previously separated component...The latest developments in bio-inspired neuromorphic vision sensors can be summarized in 3 keywords:smaller,faster,and smarter.(1)Smaller:Devices are becoming more compact by integrating previously separated components such as sensors,memory,and processing units.As a prime example,the transition from traditional sensory vision computing to in-sensor vision computing has shown clear benefits,such as simpler circuitry,lower power consumption,and less data redundancy.(2)Swifter:Owing to the nature of physics,smaller and more integrated devices can detect,process,and react to input more quickly.In addition,the methods for sensing and processing optical information using various materials(such as oxide semiconductors)are evolving.(3)Smarter:Owing to these two main research directions,we can expect advanced applications such as adaptive vision sensors,collision sensors,and nociceptive sensors.This review mainly focuses on the recent progress,working mechanisms,image pre-processing techniques,and advanced features of two types of neuromorphic vision sensors based on near-sensor and in-sensor vision computing methodologies.展开更多
Silver paste is widely used in power electronics as a die-attach material owing to its low-temperature sinterability,high melting point,and excellent electrical and thermal conductivities in sintered joints.However,ow...Silver paste is widely used in power electronics as a die-attach material owing to its low-temperature sinterability,high melting point,and excellent electrical and thermal conductivities in sintered joints.However,owing to the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)between the joints and chip,the high Young's modulus of sintered silver hinders the mitigation of the high thermal stress generated during the operation of power modules,which increases the susceptibility of sintered joints to cracking,thereby leading to potential failure.This study developed a facile approach to synthesizing bayberry-like Ag microparticles(AgMPs)through the in situ assembly of silver nanorods,resulting in a uniform distribution of nanoscale structures and mesopores on the particle surface.These particles exhibited a high specific surface area of 2.5389 m2·g-1,which enhanced theirsintering activity,enabling sintering to occur at 149.7℃.Furthermore,the porous structure of the AgMPs effectively reduced the density of joints formed by sintering AgMP paste,thereby lowering the Young's modulus of the joints.The small grain size and intricate internal substructure of the joints yielded high shear strength,which reached112.50 MPa at 250℃.The Young's modulus could be adjusted,and the pores provided by the AgMPs maintained the Young's modulus within a low range(15.11-29.61GPa),effectively mitigating thermal stress.These new bayberry-like porous AgMPs offer a promising option for die-attach materials in electronic packaging.展开更多
The limited charge extraction efficiency and suboptimal energy-level alignment of poly(3,4-ethylenediox ythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)as a hole transport layer restrict its performance in solar cell appli...The limited charge extraction efficiency and suboptimal energy-level alignment of poly(3,4-ethylenediox ythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)as a hole transport layer restrict its performance in solar cell applications.In this study,we developed effective copper-ion(Cu(Ⅱ))-modified oxyl-terminated melem two-dimensional(2D)nanodisks(Cu(Ⅱ)@OMN)that improved the performance of PEDOT:PSS as a representative hole-transport layer(HTL)in organic and perovskite solar cells.Based on theoretical calculations and experimental data,the interaction between Cu(Ⅱ)@OMN and PEDOT or PSS led to electron redistribution in PEDOT:PSS and the dissociation of PEDOT and PSS,promoting enhanced charge extraction and transfer.In addition,the work function of the Cu(Ⅱ)@OMN-PEDOT:PSS is modified to achieve a more beneficial energy-level alignment,thereby facilitating improved hole transport and inhibited nonradiative recombination.Methylammonium(MA)-based perovskite and organic binary PM6:Y6solar cells achieved power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of 19.21% and 17.15%,respectively.These PCEs are among the highest reported for MA-based perovskite and binary PM6:Y6 organic solar cells that use 2D nanomaterial-modified PEDOT:PSS,demonstrating the potential of Cu(Ⅱ)@OMN in solar cell applications.展开更多
This study investigates zinc’s(Zn)key role in enhancing the precipitation kinetics and refinement of Mg17Al12and Mg2Sn phases in magnesium alloys through trace sodium(Na)additions.Magnesium alloys with varyi...This study investigates zinc’s(Zn)key role in enhancing the precipitation kinetics and refinement of Mg17Al12and Mg2Sn phases in magnesium alloys through trace sodium(Na)additions.Magnesium alloys with varying compositions of aluminum(Al),tin(Sn),Zn,and Na were prepared and aged at 453 K.Microstructural analyses were conducted using transmission electron microscopy(TEM),scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM),and atom probe tomography(APT).Trace additions of Na significantly enhanced the precipitation responses of both Mg17Al12and Mg2Sn phases.When Zn was co-added with Na,as in the ATZ641N3 alloy(Mg–6Al–4Sn–1Zn–0.3Na),there was a pronounced refinement in precipitate morphology and acceleration of precipitation kinetics.The ATZ641N3 alloy achieved a peak hardness of 103 Hv at 36 hours,compared to 91 Hv at 72 hours for the ATZ641 alloy without Na.The simultaneous addition of Zn and Na led to the formation of Sn–Na–Zn particles that acted as effective nucleation sites for Mg2Sn,promoting aluminum partitioning and accelerating the precipitation of Mg17Al12through Al-rich regions.Additionally,Zn and Na co-segregated within the Mg17Al12phase,reducing misfit strain caused by Zn substitution and improving precipitate stability and refinement.These findings highlight Zn’s critical role,alongside trace Na additions,in refining and accelerating the precipitation of Mg17Al12and Mg2Sn phases,thereby enhancing the age-hardening response of magnesium alloys.展开更多
The photoluminescence properties of Eu2+-activated α’-Sr2SiO4 and α’-Ba2SiO4 with a high Eu2+ concentration were investigated. In the case of Sr2-xEuxSiO4, emission was shifted from 585 to 611 nm with increasing t...The photoluminescence properties of Eu2+-activated α’-Sr2SiO4 and α’-Ba2SiO4 with a high Eu2+ concentration were investigated. In the case of Sr2-xEuxSiO4, emission was shifted from 585 to 611 nm with increasing the total Eu2+ concentration (x) from 0.1 to 0.8. This trend was similar to that in Ba2-xEuxSiO4, where the emission was shifted from 513 to 545 nm. The large redshifts in both the excitation and emission spectra were discussed in terms of the Eu2+ occupancies on two kinds of M sites and their local structural changes (M: Sr and Ba).展开更多
With the rise of artificial intelligence(AI),neuromorphic sensory systems that emulate the five basic human sensations including tactility,audition,olfaction,gustation,and vision have attracted significant attention.I...With the rise of artificial intelligence(AI),neuromorphic sensory systems that emulate the five basic human sensations including tactility,audition,olfaction,gustation,and vision have attracted significant attention.In particular,research on integrating sensors with artificial synapses is being carried out extensively.These studies offer valuable opportunities for making another breakthrough in AI technology,including autonomous systems,real-time monitoring systems,and human-machine interactions.In this review,we introduce promising reports of neuromorphic sensory systems.Specifically,the core sensing material,device architecture,fabrication process,and applications of the proposed systems are presented in detail.Finally,the unsolved challenges and the prospects of neuromorphic sensory systems are discussed.展开更多
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted significant attention as resistive switching materials for two-terminal non-volatile memory devices, often referred to as memristors, due to their potential for achieving ...Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted significant attention as resistive switching materials for two-terminal non-volatile memory devices, often referred to as memristors, due to their potential for achieving fast switching speeds and low power consumption. Their excellent gate tunability in electronic properties also enables hybrid devices combining the functionality of memory devices and transistors, with the possibility of realizing large-scale memristive crossbar arrays with high integration density. To facilitate the use of 2D materials in practical memristor applications, scalable synthesis of 2D materials with high electronic quality is critical. In addition, low-temperature integration for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) back-end-of-line (BEOL) integration is important for embedded memory applications. Solution-based exfoliation has been actively explored as a facile, cost-effective method for the mass production and low-temperature integration of 2D materials. However, the films produced from the resulting 2D nanosheet dispersions exhibited poor electrical properties in the early stages of research, thereby hindering their use in electronic devices. Recent progress in the exfoliation process and post-processing has led to significant improvements in the electronic performance of solution-processed 2D materials, driving increased adoption of these materials in memristor research. In this review article, we provide a thorough overview of the progress and current status of memristive devices utilizing solution-processed 2D resistive switching layers. We begin by introducing the electrical characteristics and resistive switching mechanisms of memristors fabricated with conventional materials to lay the groundwork for understanding memristive behavior in 2D materials. Representative solution-based exfoliation and film formation techniques are also introduced, emphasizing the benefits of these approaches for obtaining scalable 2D material films compared to conventional methods such as mechanical exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition. Finally, we explore the electrical characteristics, resistive switching mechanisms, and applications of solution-processed 2D memristive devices, discussing their advantages and remaining challenges.展开更多
With the increasing spotlight in electric vehicles,there is a growing demand for high-energy-density batteries to enhance driving range.Consequently,several studies have been conducted on high-energy-density LiNixC...With the increasing spotlight in electric vehicles,there is a growing demand for high-energy-density batteries to enhance driving range.Consequently,several studies have been conducted on high-energy-density LiNixCoyMnzO2cathodes.However,there is a limit to permanent performance deterioration because of side reactions caused by moisture in the atmosphere and continuous microcracks during cycling as the Ni content to express high energy increases and the content of Mn and Co that maintain structural and electrochemical stabilization decreases.The direct modification of the surface and bulk regions aims to enhance the capacity and long-term performance of high-Ni cathode materials.Therefore,an efficient modification requires a study based on a thorough understanding of the degradation mechanisms in the surface and bulk region.In this review,a comprehensive analysis of various modifications,including doping,coating,concentration gradient,and single crystals,is conducted to solve degradation issues along with an analysis of the overall degradation mechanism occurring in high-Ni cathode materials.It also summarizes recent research developments related to the following modifications,aims to provide notable points and directions for post-studies,and provides valuable references for the commercialization of stable high-energy-density cathode materials.展开更多
The direct electrolysis of CO2-captured liquid,such as bicarbonate,offers economic advantages by eliminating the CO2regeneration step.However,high cell voltages remain a major barrier.Herein,we propose a new str...The direct electrolysis of CO2-captured liquid,such as bicarbonate,offers economic advantages by eliminating the CO2regeneration step.However,high cell voltages remain a major barrier.Herein,we propose a new strategy to build dual mass-transfer pathways for CO2and ions using a carbon and anion exchange ionomer(AEI)to reduce cell voltages while achieving sufficient Faradaic efficiency(FE)for the CO2reduction reaction.By optimizing the interposer materials and ratio of carbon,Ag,and AEI,sufficient FECO(57%)and low cell voltages(3.17 V)were achieved at 100 mA cm-2.The formation of dual masstransfer pathways in bicarbonate electrolysis was confirmed through in situ/operando visualization studies.To ensure stability,we recommend the generation of dual mass-transfer pathways using chemically and physically stable materials.Our work provides an understanding of the mass transfer in bicarbonate electrolysis and a direction for overcoming the voltage issue.展开更多
The bandgap is a key parameter for understanding and designing hybrid perovskite material properties,as well as developing photovoltaic devices.Traditional bandgap calculation methods like ultravioletvisible spectrosc...The bandgap is a key parameter for understanding and designing hybrid perovskite material properties,as well as developing photovoltaic devices.Traditional bandgap calculation methods like ultravioletvisible spectroscopy and first-principles calculations are time-and power-consuming,not to mention capturing bandgap change mechanisms for hybrid perovskite materials across a wide range of unknown space.In the present work,an artificial intelligence ensemble comprising two classifiers(with F1 scores of 0.9125 and 0.925)and a regressor(with mean squared error of 0.0014 eV)is constructed to achieve high-precision prediction of the bandgap.The bandgap perovskite dataset is established through highthroughput prediction of bandgaps by the ensemble.Based on the self-built dataset,partial dependence analysis(PDA)is developed to interpret the bandgap influential mechanism.Meanwhile,an interpretable mathematical model with an R2of 0.8417 is generated using the genetic programming symbolic regression(GPSR)technique.The constructed PDA maps agree well with the Shapley Additive exPlanations,the GPSR model,and experiment verification.Through PDA,we reveal the boundary effect,the bowing effect,and their evolution trends with key descriptors.展开更多
The anisotropy of perovskite nanoplatelets(PeNPLs)opens up many opportunities in optoelectronics,including enabling the emission of linearly polarized light.But the limited stability of PeNPLs is a pressing challenge,...The anisotropy of perovskite nanoplatelets(PeNPLs)opens up many opportunities in optoelectronics,including enabling the emission of linearly polarized light.But the limited stability of PeNPLs is a pressing challenge,especially for red-emitting CsPbI3.Herein,we address this limitation by alloying formamidinium(FA)into the perovskite cuboctahedral site.Unlike Cs/FA alloying in bulk thin films or nanocubes,FA incorporation in nanoplatelets requires meticulous control over the reaction conditions,given that nanoplatelets are obtained in kinetically-driven growth regimes instead of thermodynamically-driven conditions.Through in-situ photoluminescence(PL)measurements,we find that excess FA leads to uncontrolled growth,where phase impurities and nanoplatelets of multiple thicknesses co-exist.Restricting the FA content to up to 25%Cs substitution enables monodisperse PeNPLs,and increases the PL quantum yield(from 53%to 61%),exciton lifetime(from 18 ns to 27 ns),and stability in ambient air(from~2 days to>7 days)compared to CsPbI3.This arises due to hydrogen bonding between FA and the oleate and oleylammonium ligands,anchoring them to the surface to improve optoelectronic properties and stability.The reduction in non-radiative recombination,improvement in the nanoplatelet aspect ratio,and higher ligand density lead to FA-containing PeNPLs more effectively forming edge-up superlattices,enhancing the PL degree of linear polarization from 5.1%(CsPbI3)to 9.4%(Cs0.75FA0.25PbI3).These fundamental insights show how the stability limitations of PeNPLs could be addressed,and these materials grown more precisely to improve their performance as polarized light emitters,critical for utilizing them in next-generation display,bioimaging,and communications applications.展开更多
Multifunctional,flexible,and robust thin films capable of operating in demanding harsh temperature environments are crucial for various cutting-edge applications.This study presents a multifunctional Janus film integr...Multifunctional,flexible,and robust thin films capable of operating in demanding harsh temperature environments are crucial for various cutting-edge applications.This study presents a multifunctional Janus film integrating highly-crystalline Ti3C2Tx MXene and mechanically-robust carbon nanotube(CNT)film through strong hydrogen bonding.The hybrid film not only exhibits high electrical conductivity(4250 S cm-1),but also demonstrates robust mechanical strength and durability in both extremely low and high temperature environments,showing exceptional resistance to thermal shock.This hybrid Janus film of 15μm thickness reveals remarkable multifunctionality,including efficient electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 72 dB in X band frequency range,excellent infrared(IR)shielding capability with an average emissivity of 0.09(a minimal value of 0.02),superior thermal camouflage performance over a wide temperature range(−1 to 300℃)achieving a notable reduction in the radiated temperature by 243℃ against a background temperature of 300℃,and outstanding IR detection capability characterized by a 44%increase in resistance when exposed to 250 W IR radiation.This multifunctional MXene/CNT Janus film offers a feasible solution for electromagnetic shielding and IR shielding/detection under challenging conditions.展开更多
Friction stir processing (FSP) was used to incorporate SiC particles into the matrix of A356 Al alloy to form composite material. Constant tool rotation speed of 1800 r/min and travel speed of 127 mm/min were used i...Friction stir processing (FSP) was used to incorporate SiC particles into the matrix of A356 Al alloy to form composite material. Constant tool rotation speed of 1800 r/min and travel speed of 127 mm/min were used in this study. The base metal (BM) shows the hypoeutectic Al-Si dendrite structure. The microstructure of the stir zone (SZ) is very different from that of the BM. The eutectic Si and SiC particles are dispersed homogeneously in primary Al solid solution. The thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), where the original microstructure is greatly deformed, is characterized by dispersed eutectic Si and SiC particles aligned along the rotational direction of the tool. The hardness of the SZ shows higher value than that of the BM because some defects are remarkably reduced and the eutectic Si and SiC particles are dispersed over the SZ.展开更多
Artificial sensory systems have emerged as pivotal technologies to bridge the gap between the virtual and real-world,replicating human senses to interact intelligently with external stimuli.To practically apply artifi...Artificial sensory systems have emerged as pivotal technologies to bridge the gap between the virtual and real-world,replicating human senses to interact intelligently with external stimuli.To practically apply artificial sensory systems in the real-world,it is essential to mass-produce nanomaterials with ensured sensitivity and selectivity,purify them for desired functions,and integrate them into large-area sensory devices through assembly techniques.A comprehensive understanding of each process parameter from material processing to device assembly is crucial for achieving a high-performing artificial sensory system.This review provides a technological framework for fabricating high-performance artificial sensory systems,covering material processing to device integrations.We introduce recent approaches for dispersing and purifying various nanomaterials including 0D,1D,and 2D nanomaterials.We then highlight advanced coating and printing techniques of the solution-processed nanomaterials based on representative three methods including(i)evaporation-based assembly,(ii)assisted assembly,and(iii)direct patterning.We explore the application and performances of these solution-processed materials and printing methods in fabricating sensory devices mimicking five human senses including vision,olfaction,gustation,hearing,and tactile perception.Finally,we suggest an outlook for possible future research directions to solve the remaining challenges of the artificial sensory systems such as ambient stability,device consistency,and integration with AI-based software.展开更多
ECO-Al alloys are introduced as a game-changer for the aluminum industry and it is of utmost importance to determine the role of alloying elements in their processing characteristics.In this study,the effects of Cr on...ECO-Al alloys are introduced as a game-changer for the aluminum industry and it is of utmost importance to determine the role of alloying elements in their processing characteristics.In this study,the effects of Cr on the hot deformation behavior of newly-developed ECO-7175 alloy were investigated.ECO-7175 samples with and without Cr were hot-compressed using a Gleeble simulator(temperature range of 350−500℃ and strain rates of 0.001−1 s−1).The results were used to study the constitutive equations,the processing maps,and the microstructural evolution of the alloys.In Cr-containing alloy,the analysis of the deformation activation energy reveals that the rate-controlling mechanisms of the deformation change gradually from self-diffusion of Al(or diffusion of Mg in Al)to diffusion of Cr in Al by decreasing the Zener−Hollomon parameter.The analysis of the processing maps of Cr-containing alloy shows that the dynamic recrystallization(DRX)zone is limited to the deformation at high temperatures and low strain rates and expands with increasing applied strain.On the other hand,it is found that the self-diffusion of Al(or Mg in Al)is the only rate-controlling mechanism during hot deformation of Cr-free alloy in all processing conditions and its DRX zone is independent of the plastic strain.展开更多
The effectiveness of photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is significantly restricted by insufficient light harvesting,rapid charge recombination,and slow water reduction kinetics.Since the presence of amorphous p...The effectiveness of photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is significantly restricted by insufficient light harvesting,rapid charge recombination,and slow water reduction kinetics.Since the presence of amorphous phases in the interfaces hinders the overcome of these inherent limitations,a photoelectrode must be built strategically.Herein,we artificially controlled the crystallographic orientation of indium tin oxide(ITO)to determine the orientation with the smallest lattice mismatch at the Cu2O interface,thus significantly reducing the amorphous phase in the early stage of electrodeposition nucleation.The[222]/[400]mixed orientation ITO primarily exposed the{400}surface planes and accelerated charge transfer by forming an optimal interface with preferentially grown(111)oriented Cu2O and minimized amorphous region.In addition,the ITO surface energy was calculated using density functional theory to theoretically verify which plane is more active for growing the photoactivation layer.The rationally designed ITO/Cu2O/Al-dope Zn O/TiO2/Rh-P device,with each layer serving a specific purpose,achieved a photocurrent density of 8.23 mA cm-2at 0 VRHEunder AM 1.5 G illumination,providing a standard method for effective solar-to-hydrogen conversion photocathodes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(RS-2024-00358623)the Technology Innovation Program(or Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program-Development of Next Generation Intelligent Semiconductors)(20025643,Development of intelligent physical vapor deposition equipment for hard mask applications with high selectivity)funded By the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)+2 种基金KIST intramural Grants(2V10250 and 2E33221)support from the faculty research fund of Sejong University in 2024supported by 2024 Hongik University Research Fund.
摘要With distinctive phase-change and switching properties,chalcogenide materials have emerged as critical components in various cutting-edge technologies.This review attempts to provide an overview of chalcogenide materials,from their fundamental properties to their diverse applications with focus on memory and sensing technologies,which are indispensable components in human-like electronic artificial sensory systems.After reviewing the synthesis and application of chalcogenide materials with respect to dimensionality,we focus on the key advances in(1)memory devices,including phase-change memory(PCM),ovonic threshold switching(OTS)selectors,and selector-only memory(SOM),and(2)sensing devices,including optical sensors,gas sensors,and neuromorphic sensors.Emphasis will be given on how chalcogenide materials can be integrated into next-generation systems,such as wearable platforms,artificial intelligence,and neuromorphic/quantum computing systems,to meet the growing demands for high-performance memory and multi-functional sensing.We also provide an overview of emerging research trends as well as a comprehensive perspective on the current status of research on chalcogenides.Finally,we attempt to provide insights into how chalcogenides can continue to drive technological breakthroughs in both memory and sensing applications while shaping the future landscape of intelligent systems,smart sensing platforms,and sustainable technology development.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)of the Republic of Korea(00302646)supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIT)(NRF-2022R1A4A1019296,1345374646,2022M3J1A1064315).
摘要Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have developed rapidly,positioning them as potential candidates for nextgeneration renewable energy sources.However,conventional trial-and-error approaches and the vast compositional parameter space continue to pose challenges in the pursuit of exceptional performance and high stability of perovskite-based optoelectronics.The increasing demand for novel materials in optoelectronic devices and establishment of substantial databases has enabled data-driven machinelearning(ML)approaches to swiftly advance in the materials field.This review succinctly outlines the fundamental ML procedures,techniques,and recent breakthroughs,particularly in predicting the physical characteristics of perovskite materials.Moreover,it highlights research endeavors aimed at optimizing and screening materials to enhance the efficiency and stability of PSCs.Additionally,this review highlights recent efforts in using characterization data for ML,exploring their correlations with material properties and device performance,which are actively being researched,but they have yet to receive significant attention.Lastly,we provide future perspectives,such as leveraging Large Language Models(LLMs)and text-mining,to expedite the discovery of novel perovskite materials and expand their utilization across various optoelectronic fields.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62404025,62375028)the National Re search Foundation of Korea (NRF-2022H1D3A3A01077343,2022R1A2C4002248,2021M3H4A1A02049006)
摘要A comp rehensive understanding of the quantity and nature of activator sites is crucial for studying the luminescence performance of phosphors doped with rare earth activators.This research focuses on Eu3+-doped LiAlB2O5,and Eu3+/Si^(4+) co-doped LiAlB2O5 ceramic phosphors,which were synthesized using a traditional solid-state reaction method.The pure crystalline phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Rietveld refinements.The surface characteristics were investigated via scanning electron micros copy(SEM).The luminescence properties such as photoluminescence(PL) spectra,decay curves,CIE color coordinates and quantum efficiency were reported.Site-selective excitation and emission spectra related to the radiative transitions from 7F0 to 5D0 were investigated using a tunable pulsed dye laser(570-590 nm).All samples display a single dominant transition peak at 580.15 nm(17237 cm-1)corresponding to the 7F0 to 5D0 transition,indicating the presence of only one type of Eu3+ center within the lattice.The incorporation of Si^(4+) alongside Eu3+ in LiAlB2O5 not only significantly enhances red luminescence efficiency but also improves thermal stability.The inhomogeneous disorder surrounding the Eu3+ ions,caused by the excess Si4+ occupying Al3+ sites,results in a notable distortion of the crystal field around the Eu3+ centers.This lattice distortion from the substitution of multiple cations effectively increases both the emission efficiency and thermal activation energy of the Eu3+-doped phosphors.The cation disorder was analyzed through the excitation and luminesce nce characteristics in the region of the 5D0 to 7F0 transitions.These findings enhance the potential of using Eu3+ as a probe for investigating the microstructure of rare-earth sites in phosphors.
基金supported by grants from the Basic Science Research Program(RS-2025-02215065,2021M3H4A1A03047327,2022R1A2C3006227)established by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT,and Future Planning(MSIT)the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST),funded by the Korean Government(MSIT)(CRC22031-000)+3 种基金supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE)and Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)through the International Cooperative R&D program(P0028332)National Research Foundation of Korea’s Brain Korea 21 FOUR Postdoctoral Research Program established by the School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering,Sungkyunkwan University(2025)supported by a National Research Council of Science&Technology grant from the Government of the Republic of Korea(Ministry of Science and ICT,No.CAP22072-101)supported by the Korea Basic Science Institute(National Research Facilities and Equipment Center)funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-2025-02308784).
摘要Defect engineering holds great promise for tailoring the multifunctional properties of MXenes.However,quantitative correlations between defect and material performance remain largely unexplored due to the lack of a reliable strategy to precisely control defect densities.Here,we demonstrate that the defect density of Ti3C2Tx MXenes—including titanium and carbon vacancies,substitutional oxygen defects,and the associated lattice strain—is precisely controlled by adjusting carbon stoichiometry during TiC precursor synthesis and aluminum content during Ti3AlC2 MAX formation.The defect densities propagate from precursors to final MXenes,enabling the fabrication of a series of Ti3C2Tx MXenes with systematically controlled defect densities.This allows a quantitative correlation between defect density and multifunctional properties including electrical and thermal conductivities,infrared emissivity,electromagnetic shielding effectiveness,Joule heating performance,and oxidation stability.The defect-minimized Ti3C2Tx MXene exhibits outstanding performance,with an electrical conductivity of 26,000 S cm−1,thermal conductivity of 57 W m−1 K−1,electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 90.5 dB at 10μm,Joule heating performance of 263℃ at 1.5 V,ultralow infrared emissivity of 0.05,and superior oxidation resistance(activation energy of 72 kJ mol−1).Furthermore,this work establishes a comprehensive quantitative framework linking defect structure to multifunctional performance and stability.
基金This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2019R1A2C2002447)This research also was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.NRF-2014R1A6A1030419)This work also was supported by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(P0020967,Advanced Training Program for Smart Sensor Engineers).
摘要The latest developments in bio-inspired neuromorphic vision sensors can be summarized in 3 keywords:smaller,faster,and smarter.(1)Smaller:Devices are becoming more compact by integrating previously separated components such as sensors,memory,and processing units.As a prime example,the transition from traditional sensory vision computing to in-sensor vision computing has shown clear benefits,such as simpler circuitry,lower power consumption,and less data redundancy.(2)Swifter:Owing to the nature of physics,smaller and more integrated devices can detect,process,and react to input more quickly.In addition,the methods for sensing and processing optical information using various materials(such as oxide semiconductors)are evolving.(3)Smarter:Owing to these two main research directions,we can expect advanced applications such as adaptive vision sensors,collision sensors,and nociceptive sensors.This review mainly focuses on the recent progress,working mechanisms,image pre-processing techniques,and advanced features of two types of neuromorphic vision sensors based on near-sensor and in-sensor vision computing methodologies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52075125 and 52105331)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515010591)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(Nos.JCYJ20210324124203009,JSGG20201102154600003,GXWD20231130103814001,GXWD20220721182229001)
摘要Silver paste is widely used in power electronics as a die-attach material owing to its low-temperature sinterability,high melting point,and excellent electrical and thermal conductivities in sintered joints.However,owing to the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)between the joints and chip,the high Young's modulus of sintered silver hinders the mitigation of the high thermal stress generated during the operation of power modules,which increases the susceptibility of sintered joints to cracking,thereby leading to potential failure.This study developed a facile approach to synthesizing bayberry-like Ag microparticles(AgMPs)through the in situ assembly of silver nanorods,resulting in a uniform distribution of nanoscale structures and mesopores on the particle surface.These particles exhibited a high specific surface area of 2.5389 m2·g-1,which enhanced theirsintering activity,enabling sintering to occur at 149.7℃.Furthermore,the porous structure of the AgMPs effectively reduced the density of joints formed by sintering AgMP paste,thereby lowering the Young's modulus of the joints.The small grain size and intricate internal substructure of the joints yielded high shear strength,which reached112.50 MPa at 250℃.The Young's modulus could be adjusted,and the pores provided by the AgMPs maintained the Young's modulus within a low range(15.11-29.61GPa),effectively mitigating thermal stress.These new bayberry-like porous AgMPs offer a promising option for die-attach materials in electronic packaging.
基金supported by the Nano Material Technology Development Program(2021M3H4A1A02057007)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation of Koreasupported by the Basic Science Research Program through NRF funded by the Ministry of Education(2022R1A6A1A03051158,2022R1A2C4002248,RS-202300247069)。
摘要The limited charge extraction efficiency and suboptimal energy-level alignment of poly(3,4-ethylenediox ythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)as a hole transport layer restrict its performance in solar cell applications.In this study,we developed effective copper-ion(Cu(Ⅱ))-modified oxyl-terminated melem two-dimensional(2D)nanodisks(Cu(Ⅱ)@OMN)that improved the performance of PEDOT:PSS as a representative hole-transport layer(HTL)in organic and perovskite solar cells.Based on theoretical calculations and experimental data,the interaction between Cu(Ⅱ)@OMN and PEDOT or PSS led to electron redistribution in PEDOT:PSS and the dissociation of PEDOT and PSS,promoting enhanced charge extraction and transfer.In addition,the work function of the Cu(Ⅱ)@OMN-PEDOT:PSS is modified to achieve a more beneficial energy-level alignment,thereby facilitating improved hole transport and inhibited nonradiative recombination.Methylammonium(MA)-based perovskite and organic binary PM6:Y6solar cells achieved power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of 19.21% and 17.15%,respectively.These PCEs are among the highest reported for MA-based perovskite and binary PM6:Y6 organic solar cells that use 2D nanomaterial-modified PEDOT:PSS,demonstrating the potential of Cu(Ⅱ)@OMN in solar cell applications.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Program(PNKA130)of the Korea Institute of Materials Science,Republic of Korea。
摘要This study investigates zinc’s(Zn)key role in enhancing the precipitation kinetics and refinement of Mg17Al12and Mg2Sn phases in magnesium alloys through trace sodium(Na)additions.Magnesium alloys with varying compositions of aluminum(Al),tin(Sn),Zn,and Na were prepared and aged at 453 K.Microstructural analyses were conducted using transmission electron microscopy(TEM),scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM),and atom probe tomography(APT).Trace additions of Na significantly enhanced the precipitation responses of both Mg17Al12and Mg2Sn phases.When Zn was co-added with Na,as in the ATZ641N3 alloy(Mg–6Al–4Sn–1Zn–0.3Na),there was a pronounced refinement in precipitate morphology and acceleration of precipitation kinetics.The ATZ641N3 alloy achieved a peak hardness of 103 Hv at 36 hours,compared to 91 Hv at 72 hours for the ATZ641 alloy without Na.The simultaneous addition of Zn and Na led to the formation of Sn–Na–Zn particles that acted as effective nucleation sites for Mg2Sn,promoting aluminum partitioning and accelerating the precipitation of Mg17Al12through Al-rich regions.Additionally,Zn and Na co-segregated within the Mg17Al12phase,reducing misfit strain caused by Zn substitution and improving precipitate stability and refinement.These findings highlight Zn’s critical role,alongside trace Na additions,in refining and accelerating the precipitation of Mg17Al12and Mg2Sn phases,thereby enhancing the age-hardening response of magnesium alloys.
摘要The photoluminescence properties of Eu2+-activated α’-Sr2SiO4 and α’-Ba2SiO4 with a high Eu2+ concentration were investigated. In the case of Sr2-xEuxSiO4, emission was shifted from 585 to 611 nm with increasing the total Eu2+ concentration (x) from 0.1 to 0.8. This trend was similar to that in Ba2-xEuxSiO4, where the emission was shifted from 513 to 545 nm. The large redshifts in both the excitation and emission spectra were discussed in terms of the Eu2+ occupancies on two kinds of M sites and their local structural changes (M: Sr and Ba).
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded by the Korea Government(Ministry of Science and ICT)(No.NRF-2022R1A2C2010774)by the GRRC program of Gyeonggi Province(GRRC Sungkyunkwan 2023-B04)by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(P0020967,Advanced Training Program for Smart Sensor Engineers).
摘要With the rise of artificial intelligence(AI),neuromorphic sensory systems that emulate the five basic human sensations including tactility,audition,olfaction,gustation,and vision have attracted significant attention.In particular,research on integrating sensors with artificial synapses is being carried out extensively.These studies offer valuable opportunities for making another breakthrough in AI technology,including autonomous systems,real-time monitoring systems,and human-machine interactions.In this review,we introduce promising reports of neuromorphic sensory systems.Specifically,the core sensing material,device architecture,fabrication process,and applications of the proposed systems are presented in detail.Finally,the unsolved challenges and the prospects of neuromorphic sensory systems are discussed.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)Grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(Nos.RS-2023-00208538,RS-2024-00411904,and RS-2023-00237308).
摘要Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted significant attention as resistive switching materials for two-terminal non-volatile memory devices, often referred to as memristors, due to their potential for achieving fast switching speeds and low power consumption. Their excellent gate tunability in electronic properties also enables hybrid devices combining the functionality of memory devices and transistors, with the possibility of realizing large-scale memristive crossbar arrays with high integration density. To facilitate the use of 2D materials in practical memristor applications, scalable synthesis of 2D materials with high electronic quality is critical. In addition, low-temperature integration for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) back-end-of-line (BEOL) integration is important for embedded memory applications. Solution-based exfoliation has been actively explored as a facile, cost-effective method for the mass production and low-temperature integration of 2D materials. However, the films produced from the resulting 2D nanosheet dispersions exhibited poor electrical properties in the early stages of research, thereby hindering their use in electronic devices. Recent progress in the exfoliation process and post-processing has led to significant improvements in the electronic performance of solution-processed 2D materials, driving increased adoption of these materials in memristor research. In this review article, we provide a thorough overview of the progress and current status of memristive devices utilizing solution-processed 2D resistive switching layers. We begin by introducing the electrical characteristics and resistive switching mechanisms of memristors fabricated with conventional materials to lay the groundwork for understanding memristive behavior in 2D materials. Representative solution-based exfoliation and film formation techniques are also introduced, emphasizing the benefits of these approaches for obtaining scalable 2D material films compared to conventional methods such as mechanical exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition. Finally, we explore the electrical characteristics, resistive switching mechanisms, and applications of solution-processed 2D memristive devices, discussing their advantages and remaining challenges.
摘要With the increasing spotlight in electric vehicles,there is a growing demand for high-energy-density batteries to enhance driving range.Consequently,several studies have been conducted on high-energy-density LiNixCoyMnzO2cathodes.However,there is a limit to permanent performance deterioration because of side reactions caused by moisture in the atmosphere and continuous microcracks during cycling as the Ni content to express high energy increases and the content of Mn and Co that maintain structural and electrochemical stabilization decreases.The direct modification of the surface and bulk regions aims to enhance the capacity and long-term performance of high-Ni cathode materials.Therefore,an efficient modification requires a study based on a thorough understanding of the degradation mechanisms in the surface and bulk region.In this review,a comprehensive analysis of various modifications,including doping,coating,concentration gradient,and single crystals,is conducted to solve degradation issues along with an analysis of the overall degradation mechanism occurring in high-Ni cathode materials.It also summarizes recent research developments related to the following modifications,aims to provide notable points and directions for post-studies,and provides valuable references for the commercialization of stable high-energy-density cathode materials.
基金supported by the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(CAP21011-100)Additional support was provided by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(RS-2024-00431568)institutional program funding from the Korea Institute of Science and Technology。
摘要The direct electrolysis of CO2-captured liquid,such as bicarbonate,offers economic advantages by eliminating the CO2regeneration step.However,high cell voltages remain a major barrier.Herein,we propose a new strategy to build dual mass-transfer pathways for CO2and ions using a carbon and anion exchange ionomer(AEI)to reduce cell voltages while achieving sufficient Faradaic efficiency(FE)for the CO2reduction reaction.By optimizing the interposer materials and ratio of carbon,Ag,and AEI,sufficient FECO(57%)and low cell voltages(3.17 V)were achieved at 100 mA cm-2.The formation of dual masstransfer pathways in bicarbonate electrolysis was confirmed through in situ/operando visualization studies.To ensure stability,we recommend the generation of dual mass-transfer pathways using chemically and physically stable materials.Our work provides an understanding of the mass transfer in bicarbonate electrolysis and a direction for overcoming the voltage issue.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(Grant number:RS-2025-02316700,and RS-2025-00522430)the China Scholarship Council Program。
摘要The bandgap is a key parameter for understanding and designing hybrid perovskite material properties,as well as developing photovoltaic devices.Traditional bandgap calculation methods like ultravioletvisible spectroscopy and first-principles calculations are time-and power-consuming,not to mention capturing bandgap change mechanisms for hybrid perovskite materials across a wide range of unknown space.In the present work,an artificial intelligence ensemble comprising two classifiers(with F1 scores of 0.9125 and 0.925)and a regressor(with mean squared error of 0.0014 eV)is constructed to achieve high-precision prediction of the bandgap.The bandgap perovskite dataset is established through highthroughput prediction of bandgaps by the ensemble.Based on the self-built dataset,partial dependence analysis(PDA)is developed to interpret the bandgap influential mechanism.Meanwhile,an interpretable mathematical model with an R2of 0.8417 is generated using the genetic programming symbolic regression(GPSR)technique.The constructed PDA maps agree well with the Shapley Additive exPlanations,the GPSR model,and experiment verification.Through PDA,we reveal the boundary effect,the bowing effect,and their evolution trends with key descriptors.
基金support in the use of the electron Physical Science Imaging Centre(Instrument E02,proposal no.MG40059-2)that contributed to the results presented hereJ.Y.and R.L.Z.H.thank the UK Research and Innovation(UKRI)for funding through a Frontier Grant(no.EP/X022900/1)+9 种基金awarded via the 2021 ERC Starting Grant scheme.R.L.Z.H.is funded through a Science&Technology Facilities Council/Royal Academy of Engineering Senior Research Fellowship(no.RCSRF2324-18-68)C.-Y.C.thanks the Oxford-Taiwan Graduate Scholarship and Clarendon Fund Scholarship.E.L.Q.acknowledges funding from the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Inorganic Chemistry for Future Manufacturing(OxICFMno.EP/S023828/1)Y.W.Z.acknowledges funding from the National Key R&D Program of China No.2023YFA1610000National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.12304036the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515010071),and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(23xkjc016)R.X.acknowledges funding from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University Grant Code 74130-31610059This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(RS-2025-00523067,NRF-2022R1A2C4002248,2021M3H4A1A02049006,and RS-2025-00516815)Support was also provided by a Korea Basic Science Institute(National Research Facilities and Equipment Center)grant funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-2025-02308784)This work was partly supported by the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Korean Government(MOTIE)(RS-2024-00418086,HRD Program for Industrial Innovation).
摘要The anisotropy of perovskite nanoplatelets(PeNPLs)opens up many opportunities in optoelectronics,including enabling the emission of linearly polarized light.But the limited stability of PeNPLs is a pressing challenge,especially for red-emitting CsPbI3.Herein,we address this limitation by alloying formamidinium(FA)into the perovskite cuboctahedral site.Unlike Cs/FA alloying in bulk thin films or nanocubes,FA incorporation in nanoplatelets requires meticulous control over the reaction conditions,given that nanoplatelets are obtained in kinetically-driven growth regimes instead of thermodynamically-driven conditions.Through in-situ photoluminescence(PL)measurements,we find that excess FA leads to uncontrolled growth,where phase impurities and nanoplatelets of multiple thicknesses co-exist.Restricting the FA content to up to 25%Cs substitution enables monodisperse PeNPLs,and increases the PL quantum yield(from 53%to 61%),exciton lifetime(from 18 ns to 27 ns),and stability in ambient air(from~2 days to>7 days)compared to CsPbI3.This arises due to hydrogen bonding between FA and the oleate and oleylammonium ligands,anchoring them to the surface to improve optoelectronic properties and stability.The reduction in non-radiative recombination,improvement in the nanoplatelet aspect ratio,and higher ligand density lead to FA-containing PeNPLs more effectively forming edge-up superlattices,enhancing the PL degree of linear polarization from 5.1%(CsPbI3)to 9.4%(Cs0.75FA0.25PbI3).These fundamental insights show how the stability limitations of PeNPLs could be addressed,and these materials grown more precisely to improve their performance as polarized light emitters,critical for utilizing them in next-generation display,bioimaging,and communications applications.
基金supported by grants from the Basic Science Research Program(2021M3H4A1A03047327 and 2022R1A2C3006227)through the National Research Foundation of Korea,funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT,and Future Planningthe Fundamental R&D Program for Core Technology of Materials and the Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program(20020855),funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energy,Republic of Korea+2 种基金the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST),funded by the Korean Government(MSIT)(CRC22031-000)partially supported by POSCO and Hyundai Mobis,a start-up fund(S-2022-0096-000)the Postdoctoral Research Program of Sungkyunkwan University(2022).
摘要Multifunctional,flexible,and robust thin films capable of operating in demanding harsh temperature environments are crucial for various cutting-edge applications.This study presents a multifunctional Janus film integrating highly-crystalline Ti3C2Tx MXene and mechanically-robust carbon nanotube(CNT)film through strong hydrogen bonding.The hybrid film not only exhibits high electrical conductivity(4250 S cm-1),but also demonstrates robust mechanical strength and durability in both extremely low and high temperature environments,showing exceptional resistance to thermal shock.This hybrid Janus film of 15μm thickness reveals remarkable multifunctionality,including efficient electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 72 dB in X band frequency range,excellent infrared(IR)shielding capability with an average emissivity of 0.09(a minimal value of 0.02),superior thermal camouflage performance over a wide temperature range(−1 to 300℃)achieving a notable reduction in the radiated temperature by 243℃ against a background temperature of 300℃,and outstanding IR detection capability characterized by a 44%increase in resistance when exposed to 250 W IR radiation.This multifunctional MXene/CNT Janus film offers a feasible solution for electromagnetic shielding and IR shielding/detection under challenging conditions.
基金supported by a grant from the Fundamental R & D Program (No.10038688) for Core Technology of Materials funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Republic of Korea
摘要Friction stir processing (FSP) was used to incorporate SiC particles into the matrix of A356 Al alloy to form composite material. Constant tool rotation speed of 1800 r/min and travel speed of 127 mm/min were used in this study. The base metal (BM) shows the hypoeutectic Al-Si dendrite structure. The microstructure of the stir zone (SZ) is very different from that of the BM. The eutectic Si and SiC particles are dispersed homogeneously in primary Al solid solution. The thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), where the original microstructure is greatly deformed, is characterized by dispersed eutectic Si and SiC particles aligned along the rotational direction of the tool. The hardness of the SZ shows higher value than that of the BM because some defects are remarkably reduced and the eutectic Si and SiC particles are dispersed over the SZ.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00237308).
摘要Artificial sensory systems have emerged as pivotal technologies to bridge the gap between the virtual and real-world,replicating human senses to interact intelligently with external stimuli.To practically apply artificial sensory systems in the real-world,it is essential to mass-produce nanomaterials with ensured sensitivity and selectivity,purify them for desired functions,and integrate them into large-area sensory devices through assembly techniques.A comprehensive understanding of each process parameter from material processing to device assembly is crucial for achieving a high-performing artificial sensory system.This review provides a technological framework for fabricating high-performance artificial sensory systems,covering material processing to device integrations.We introduce recent approaches for dispersing and purifying various nanomaterials including 0D,1D,and 2D nanomaterials.We then highlight advanced coating and printing techniques of the solution-processed nanomaterials based on representative three methods including(i)evaporation-based assembly,(ii)assisted assembly,and(iii)direct patterning.We explore the application and performances of these solution-processed materials and printing methods in fabricating sensory devices mimicking five human senses including vision,olfaction,gustation,hearing,and tactile perception.Finally,we suggest an outlook for possible future research directions to solve the remaining challenges of the artificial sensory systems such as ambient stability,device consistency,and integration with AI-based software.
摘要ECO-Al alloys are introduced as a game-changer for the aluminum industry and it is of utmost importance to determine the role of alloying elements in their processing characteristics.In this study,the effects of Cr on the hot deformation behavior of newly-developed ECO-7175 alloy were investigated.ECO-7175 samples with and without Cr were hot-compressed using a Gleeble simulator(temperature range of 350−500℃ and strain rates of 0.001−1 s−1).The results were used to study the constitutive equations,the processing maps,and the microstructural evolution of the alloys.In Cr-containing alloy,the analysis of the deformation activation energy reveals that the rate-controlling mechanisms of the deformation change gradually from self-diffusion of Al(or diffusion of Mg in Al)to diffusion of Cr in Al by decreasing the Zener−Hollomon parameter.The analysis of the processing maps of Cr-containing alloy shows that the dynamic recrystallization(DRX)zone is limited to the deformation at high temperatures and low strain rates and expands with increasing applied strain.On the other hand,it is found that the self-diffusion of Al(or Mg in Al)is the only rate-controlling mechanism during hot deformation of Cr-free alloy in all processing conditions and its DRX zone is independent of the plastic strain.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2021R1A2C3011870,2022R1A6A3A13071182)supported by the Global Research and Development Center Program(2018K1A4A3A01064272)through the NRF funded by the Korea government(MSIT)。
摘要The effectiveness of photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is significantly restricted by insufficient light harvesting,rapid charge recombination,and slow water reduction kinetics.Since the presence of amorphous phases in the interfaces hinders the overcome of these inherent limitations,a photoelectrode must be built strategically.Herein,we artificially controlled the crystallographic orientation of indium tin oxide(ITO)to determine the orientation with the smallest lattice mismatch at the Cu2O interface,thus significantly reducing the amorphous phase in the early stage of electrodeposition nucleation.The[222]/[400]mixed orientation ITO primarily exposed the{400}surface planes and accelerated charge transfer by forming an optimal interface with preferentially grown(111)oriented Cu2O and minimized amorphous region.In addition,the ITO surface energy was calculated using density functional theory to theoretically verify which plane is more active for growing the photoactivation layer.The rationally designed ITO/Cu2O/Al-dope Zn O/TiO2/Rh-P device,with each layer serving a specific purpose,achieved a photocurrent density of 8.23 mA cm-2at 0 VRHEunder AM 1.5 G illumination,providing a standard method for effective solar-to-hydrogen conversion photocathodes.