Low-cost and high-safety aqueous Zn-I2 batteries attract extensive attention for large-scale energy storage systems.However,polyiodide shuttling and sluggish iodine conversion reactions lead to inferior rate capabi...Low-cost and high-safety aqueous Zn-I2 batteries attract extensive attention for large-scale energy storage systems.However,polyiodide shuttling and sluggish iodine conversion reactions lead to inferior rate capability and severe capacity decay.Herein,a three-dimensional polyaniline is wrapped by carboxylcarbon nanotubes(denoted as C-PANI)which is designed as a catalytic cathode to effectively boost iodine conversion with suppressed polyiodide shuttling,thereby improving Zn-I2 batteries.Specifically,carboxyl-carbon nanotubes serve as a proton reservoir for more protonated-NH+=sites in PANI chains,achieving a direct I0/I−reaction for suppressed polyiodide generation and Zn corrosion.Attributing to this“proton-iodine”regulation,catalytic protonated C-PANI strongly fixes electrolytic iodine species and stores proton ions simultaneously through reversible-N=/-NH+-reaction.Therefore,the electrolytic Zn-I2 battery with C-PANI cathode exhibits an impressive capacity of 420 mAh g−1 and ultra-long lifespan over 40,000 cycles.Additionally,a 60 mAh pouch cell was assembled with excellent cycling stability after 100 cycles,providing new insights into exploring effective organocatalysts for superb Zn-halogen batteries.展开更多
Vaccination is widely recognized as one of the most effective public health interventions for preventing infectious diseases and has played a critical role in global health over the years.However,the current vaccine d...Vaccination is widely recognized as one of the most effective public health interventions for preventing infectious diseases and has played a critical role in global health over the years.However,the current vaccine distribution and administration systems face significant challenges,including a heavy dependence on cold chain logistics,the need for trained healthcare personnel,and the complexity of global supply chains.展开更多
Metal–organic framework(MOF)-based materials with high porosity,tunable compositions,diverse structures,and versatile functionalities provide great scope for next-generation rechargeable battery applications.Herein,t...Metal–organic framework(MOF)-based materials with high porosity,tunable compositions,diverse structures,and versatile functionalities provide great scope for next-generation rechargeable battery applications.Herein,this review summarizes recent advances in pristine MOFs,MOF composites,MOF derivatives,and MOF composite derivatives for high-performance sodium-ion batteries,potassiumion batteries,Zn-ion batteries,lithium–sulfur batteries,lithium–oxygen batteries,and Zn–air batteries in which the unique roles of MOFs as electrodes,separators,and even electrolyte are highlighted.Furthermore,through the discussion of MOFbased materials in each battery system,the key principles for controllable synthesis of diverse MOF-based materials and electrochemical performance improvement mechanisms are discussed in detail.Finally,the major challenges and perspectives of MOFs are also proposed for next-generation battery applications.展开更多
The existing recycling and regeneration technologies have problems,such as poor regeneration effect and low added value of products for lithium(Li)-ion battery cathode materials with a low state of health.In this work...The existing recycling and regeneration technologies have problems,such as poor regeneration effect and low added value of products for lithium(Li)-ion battery cathode materials with a low state of health.In this work,a targeted Li replenishment repair technology is proposed to improve the discharge-specific capacity and cycling stability of the repaired LiCoO2 cathode materials.Compared with the spent cathode material with>50%Li deficiency,the Li/Co molar ratio of the regenerated LiCoO2 cathode is>0.9,which completely removes the Co3O4 impurity phase formed by the decomposition of LixCoO2 in the failed cathode material after repair.The repaired LiCoO2 cathode mater-ials exhibit better cycling stability,lower electrochemical impedance,and faster Li+diffusion than the commercial materials at both 1 and 10 C.Meanwhile,Li1.05CoO2 cathodes have higher Li replenishment efficiency and cycling stability.The energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of LiCoO2 cathodes produced by this repair method are significantly reduced compared to those using pyrometallurgical and hydro-metallurgical recycling processes.展开更多
Ground-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar(GB-InSAR)can take deformation measurement with a high accuracy.Partition of the GB-InSAR deformation map benefits analyzing the deformation state of the monitoring...Ground-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar(GB-InSAR)can take deformation measurement with a high accuracy.Partition of the GB-InSAR deformation map benefits analyzing the deformation state of the monitoring scene better.Existing partition methods rely on labelled datasets or single deformation feature,and they cannot be effectively utilized in GBInSAR applications.This paper proposes an improved partition method of the GB-InSAR deformation map based on dynamic time warping(DTW)and k-means.The DTW similarities between a reference point and all the measurement points are calculated based on their time-series deformations.Then the DTW similarity and cumulative deformation are taken as two partition features.With the k-means algorithm and the score based on multi evaluation indexes,a deformation map can be partitioned into an appropriate number of classes.Experimental datasets of West Copper Mine are processed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,whose measurement points are divided into seven classes with a score of 0.3151.展开更多
Single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes are a promising candidate for high-energy lithium-ion batteries due to their higher structural and cycling stability than polycrystalline materials.However,the phase evolution and capac...Single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes are a promising candidate for high-energy lithium-ion batteries due to their higher structural and cycling stability than polycrystalline materials.However,the phase evolution and capacity degradation of these single-crystal cathodes during continuous lithation/delithation cycling remains unclear.Understanding the mapping relationship between the macroscopic electrochemical properties and the material physicochemical properties is crucial.Here,we investigate the correlation between the physical-chemical characteristics,phase transition,and capacity decay using capacity differential curve feature identification and in-situ X-ray spectroscopic imaging.We systematically clarify the dominant mechanism of phase evolution in aging cycling.Appropriately high cut-off voltages can mitigate the slow kinetic and electrochemical properties of single-crystal cathodes.We also find that second-order differential capacity discharge characteristic curves can be used to identify the crystal structure disorder of Ni-rich cathodes.These findings constitute a step forward in elucidating the correlation between the electrochemical extrinsic properties and the physicochemical intrinsic properties and provide new perspectives for failure analysis of layered electrode materials.展开更多
Conversion-type electrode materials hold significant promise for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to their high theoretical capacities,yet their practical deployment is hindered by sluggish kinetics and irreversible s...Conversion-type electrode materials hold significant promise for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to their high theoretical capacities,yet their practical deployment is hindered by sluggish kinetics and irreversible structural degradation.To overcome these limitations,we propose a rationally engineered nanoreactor architecture that stabilizes defect-rich MoS2via interlayer incorporation of a carbon monolayer,followed by encapsulation within a nitrogen-doped carbon shell,forming a MoSSe@NC heterostructure.This tailored structure synergistically accelerates both K+diffusion kinetics and electron transfer,enabling unprecedented rate performance(107 mAh g-1at 10 Ag-1)and ultralong cyclability(86.5%capacity retention after 1200 cycles at 3 A g-1).Mechanistic insights reveal a distinctive“adsorption-conversion”pathway,where sulfur vacancies on exposed S-Mo-S basal planes act as preferential K+adsorption sites,effectively suppressing parasitic phase transitions during intercalation.In situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy corroborate the structural reversibility of the conversion reaction,with the carbon matrix dynamically accommodating strain while preserving electrode integrity.This work not only advances the understanding of defect-driven interfacial chemistry in conversion-type materials but also provides a versatile strategy for designing high-performance anodes in next-generation PIBs through heterostructure engineering.展开更多
Cavitation inside a torque converter induces noise,vibration and even failure,and these effects have been disregarded in previous torque converter design processes.However,modern torque converter applications require ...Cavitation inside a torque converter induces noise,vibration and even failure,and these effects have been disregarded in previous torque converter design processes.However,modern torque converter applications require attention to this issue because of its high-speed and high-capacity requirements.Therefore,this study investigated the cavitation effect on a torque converter using both numerical and experimental methods with an emphasis on the influence of the charging oil feed location and charge pressure.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)models were established to simulate the transient cavitation behaviour in the torque converter using different charging oil pressures and inlet arrangements and testing against a base case to validate the results.The CFD results suggested that cavitating bubbles mainly takes place in the stator of the torque converter.The transient cavitation CFD model yielded good agreement with the experimental data,with an error of 7.6%in the capacity constant and 7.4%in the torque ratio.Both the experimental and numerical studies showed that cavitation induced severe capacity degradation,and that the charge pressure and charging oil configuration significantly affects both the overall hydrodynamic performance and the fluid behaviour inside the torque converter because of cavitation.Increasing the charge pressure and charging the oil from the turbine-stator clearance were found to suppress cavitation development and reduce performance degradation,especially in terms of the capacity constant.This study revealed the fluid field mechanism behind the influence of charging oil conditions on torque converter cavitation behaviour,providing practical guidelines for suppressing cavitation in torque converter.展开更多
Scattering of the shear waves by a nano-sized cylindrical hole embedded the inhomogeneous is investigated in this study. The Helmholtz equation with a variable coefficient is transformed the standard Helmholtz equatio...Scattering of the shear waves by a nano-sized cylindrical hole embedded the inhomogeneous is investigated in this study. The Helmholtz equation with a variable coefficient is transformed the standard Helmholtz equation by the complex function method and the conformal mapping method. By wave function expanding method, the analytical expressions of the displacement field and stress field in the inhomogeneous medium are obtained. Considering the surface effect and using the generalized Young-Laplace equation, we obtain the boundary conditions at nano arbitrary-shaped hole, then the field equations satisfying boundary conditions are attributed to solving a set of infinite algebraic equations. Numerical results show that when the radius of the cylindrical cavity shrinks to nanometers, surface energy becomes a dominant factor that affects the dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) around the cylindrical cavity. The influence the density variation of the inhomogeneity on the DSCF is discussed at the same time.展开更多
Dendrite formation severely compromises further development of zinc ion batteries. Increasing the nucleation overpotential plays a crucial role in achieving uniform deposition of metal ions. However, this strategy has...Dendrite formation severely compromises further development of zinc ion batteries. Increasing the nucleation overpotential plays a crucial role in achieving uniform deposition of metal ions. However, this strategy has not yet attracted enough attention from researchers to our knowledge. Here, we propose that thermodynamic nucleation overpotential of Zn deposition can be boosted through complexing agent and select sodium L-tartrate(Na-L) as example. Theoretical and experimental characterization reveals L-tartrate anion can partially replace H2O in the solvation sheath of Zn2+, increasing de-solvation energy. Concurrently, the Na+ could absorb on the surface of Zn anode preferentially to inhibit the deposition of Zn2+ aggregation. In consequence, the overpotential of Zn deposition could increase from 32.2 to 45.1 mV with the help of Na-L. The Zn-Zn cell could achieve a Zn utilization rate of 80% at areal capacity of 20 mAh cm-2. Zn-LiMn2O4 full cell with Na-L additive delivers improved stability than that with blank electrolyte. This study also provides insight into the regulation of nucleation overpotential to achieve homogeneous Zn deposition.展开更多
Aqueous Zn2+-ion batteries(AZIBs),recognized for their high security,reliability,and cost efficiency,have garnered considerable attention.However,the prevalent issues of dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at t...Aqueous Zn2+-ion batteries(AZIBs),recognized for their high security,reliability,and cost efficiency,have garnered considerable attention.However,the prevalent issues of dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the Zn electrode interface significantly impede their practical application.In this study,we introduced a ubiquitous biomolecule of phenylalanine(Phe)into the electrolyte as a multifunctional additive to improve the reversibility of the Zn anode.Leveraging its exceptional nucleophilic characteristics,Phe molecules tend to coordinate with Zn2+ions for optimizing the solvation environment.Simultaneously,the distinctive lipophilicity of aromatic amino acids empowers Phe with a higher adsorption energy,enabling the construction of a multifunctional protective interphase.The hydrophobic benzene ring ligands act as cleaners for repelling H2O molecules,while the hydrophilic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups attract Zn2+ions for homogenizing Zn2+flux.Moreover,the preferential reduction of Phe molecules prior to H2O facilitates the in situ formation of an organic-inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interphase,enhancing the interfacial stability of the Zn anode.Consequently,Zn||Zn cells display improved reversibility,achieving an extended cycle life of 5250 h.Additionally,Zn||LMO full cells exhibit enhanced cyclability of retaining 77.3%capacity after 300 cycles,demonstrating substantial potential in advancing the commercialization of AZIBs.展开更多
The electrocatalytic sulfur reduction reaction(SRR)and sulfur evolution reaction(SER),two fundamental multistep conversion processes in lithium–sulfur batteries(LSBs),are root-cause solutions to overcome sluggish red...The electrocatalytic sulfur reduction reaction(SRR)and sulfur evolution reaction(SER),two fundamental multistep conversion processes in lithium–sulfur batteries(LSBs),are root-cause solutions to overcome sluggish redox kinetics and the polysulfide shuttling effect.Metal–organic framework(MOF)electrocatalysts have emerged as good platforms for catalyzing SRR and SER,but their catalytic performance is challenged by poor electrical conductivity and limited chemical stability.Functionalized MOFs and their hybrids may be beneficial for stabilizing and improving the desired catalytic properties to achieve high-performance LSBs.This review provides a detailed overview of engineering principles for improving the activity,selectivity,and stability of MOFrelated electrocatalysts via composition modulation and nanostructure design as well as hybrid assembly.It presents and discusses the various advances achieved by using in situ characterization techniques,simulations,and theoretical calculations to reveal the dynamic evolution of MOF-related electrocatalysts,enabling an in-depth understanding of the catalysis mechanism at the molecular/atomic level.Lastly,prospects and possible research directions for MOF-related sulfur electrocatalysts are proposed.展开更多
As a combination of edge computing and artificial intelligence,edge intelligence has become a promising technique and provided its users with a series of fast,precise,and customized services.In edge intelligence,when ...As a combination of edge computing and artificial intelligence,edge intelligence has become a promising technique and provided its users with a series of fast,precise,and customized services.In edge intelligence,when learning agents are deployed on the edge side,the data aggregation from the end side to the designated edge devices is an important research topic.Considering the various importance of end devices,this paper studies the weighted data aggregation problem in a single hop end-to-edge communication network.Firstly,to make sure all the end devices with various weights are fairly treated in data aggregation,a distributed end-to-edge cooperative scheme is proposed.Then,to handle the massive contention on the wireless channel caused by end devices,a multi-armed bandit(MAB)algorithm is designed to help the end devices find their most appropriate update rates.Diffe-rent from the traditional data aggregation works,combining the MAB enables our algorithm a higher efficiency in data aggregation.With a theoretical analysis,we show that the efficiency of our algorithm is asymptotically optimal.Comparative experiments with previous works are also conducted to show the strength of our algorithm.展开更多
This paper considers the problem of sea clutter sup-pression.We propose the cuttable encoder-decoder-augmenta-tion network(CEDAN)to improve clutter suppression perfor-mance by enriching the contrast information betwee...This paper considers the problem of sea clutter sup-pression.We propose the cuttable encoder-decoder-augmenta-tion network(CEDAN)to improve clutter suppression perfor-mance by enriching the contrast information between the target and clutter.Specifically,the plug-and-play residual U-block(ResUblock)is proposed to augment the feature representation ability of the clutter suppression model.The CEDAN first extracts and fuses the multi-scale features using the encoder and the decoder composed of the ResUblocks.Then,the fused features are processed by the contrast information augmenta-tion module(CIAM)to enhance the diversity of target and clutter,resulting in encouraging sea clutter suppression results.In addi-tion,we propose the result-consistency loss to further improve the suppression performance.The result-consistency loss enables CEDAN to cut some blocks of decoder and CIAM to reduce the inference time without significantly degrading the suppression performance.Experimental results on measured and simulated data show that the CEDAN outperforms state-of-the-art sea clutter suppression methods in sea clutter suppres-sion performance and computation efficiency.展开更多
In the development of sustainable lithium-ion batteries,achieving the efficient and cost-effective recycling of all components,particularly spent graphite(SG)anodes,has become a critical requirement.While considerable...In the development of sustainable lithium-ion batteries,achieving the efficient and cost-effective recycling of all components,particularly spent graphite(SG)anodes,has become a critical requirement.While considerable ef-forts have been devoted to recovering and reusing SG materials under conventional conditions,limited attention has been given to recycling under extreme conditions.This review systematically elucidates the main failure mechanisms of graphite anodes,including lithium plating and dendrite formation,solid electrolyte interface film failure,structural degradation,and current collector corrosion,with a particular focus on low-temperature and fast-charging conditions.As a contribution toward optimizing resource utilization,this review comprehensively summarizes the industrial perspective on strategies for recycling SG anodes,which aim to produce high-purity regenerated graphite(RG)powders.We also analyze current methods for modifying RG,such as structural reconstruction and surface reconditioning,to bring added value to modified RG materials.A detailed examination of the technical challenges in SG recycling and RG upgrading is presented,offering guidance for the future development of graphite upcycling technologies.This review also provides valuable insights into achieving high efficiency,intelligence,and sustainability in graphite utilization.展开更多
The growth of lithium dendrites and its associated challenges pose significant obstacles to the widespread adoption of lithium metal anodes.Although numerous inorganic materials offer the potential for stabilizing lit...The growth of lithium dendrites and its associated challenges pose significant obstacles to the widespread adoption of lithium metal anodes.Although numerous inorganic materials offer the potential for stabilizing lithium metal anodes,trial-and-error experiments are time-consuming and cost-intensive.In this work,first,a high-throughput screening workflow integrated with machine learning and calculations has been used to identify possible materials,which incorporates several key indicators encompassing electronic conductivity,phase stability,mechanical properties,chemical stability,and lithium-ion transport performance.Four materials were used in experiments,and the results from both characterization and electrochemical testing show that HfO2@PP exhibits the best performance,which includes having the highest Young’s modulus.Furthermore,an Li||Li symmetric cell assembled using HfO2@PP operating at 1 mA cm−2and 1 mA h cm−2exhibited stable cycling for over 1000 h,while an Li||LFP cell assembled using HfO2@PP has a capacity retention rate of more than 90%and an average coulombic efficiency of 99.7%after 200 cycles at 1 C.This work provides a design method and ideas for inorganic coating materials on separators for lithium metal anodes.展开更多
In the cutting-edge realm of contemporary biomedical research,targeted protein degradation(TPD)technology has garnered sig-nificant attention due to its rapid advancement1,2.This approach modulates protein levels b...In the cutting-edge realm of contemporary biomedical research,targeted protein degradation(TPD)technology has garnered sig-nificant attention due to its rapid advancement1,2.This approach modulates protein levels by harnessing the cell’s intrinsic degra-dation machinery,and shows therapeutic potential for diverse diseases,such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.How-ever,TPD tools require laborious case-by-case design tailored to different diseases and cell types when targeting new proteins,particularly for extracellular protein targets.展开更多
Spouted bed is a type of fluidized bed that has been widely used in various industrial processes because of its excellent mass and heat transfer efficiency.In practical applications,the fluidization of the multicompon...Spouted bed is a type of fluidized bed that has been widely used in various industrial processes because of its excellent mass and heat transfer efficiency.In practical applications,the fluidization of the multicomponent particle system containing non-spherical particles is frequently encountered in spouted beds.To better understand the spouting behaviors of the multicomponent particle system,therefore,this study employs a CFD-DEM(Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method)coupling approach to investigate the spouting behaviors.Spherical particles along with two types of ellipsoidal particles(i.e.,oblate ellipsoid,and prolate ellipsoid)are included in this paper.Through the combination of these three particle types,seven distinct systems(three monodisperse systems,three binary mixtures,and one ternary mixture)are simulated to analyze the effects of particle shape and composition of particle systems on spouting behaviors.The simulation results reveal that introducing non-spherical particles into systems containing either spherical or oblate ellipsoidal particles tends to enhance spouting behaviors,whereas adding spherical particles to prolate ellipsoidal particle systems inclines to suppress it.The addition of non-spherical particles into the spherical particle system can enhance the particle interlocks,and using the oblate particles should have more important influence than prolate particles.Moreover,the influence of particle shape on the spout deflection behaviors is quite complicated,and the use of prolate ellipsoidal particles versus oblate ellipsoidal particles may produce opposite effects.These findings should provide valuable insights for optimizing spouted bed operations involving complex particle mixtures.展开更多
Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)continues to represent a substantial unmet therapeutic need in clinical practice.In recent years,peptide-drug conjugates and small interfering RNA(siRNA)drugs have gained considerable attent...Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)continues to represent a substantial unmet therapeutic need in clinical practice.In recent years,peptide-drug conjugates and small interfering RNA(siRNA)drugs have gained considerable attention due to their impressive clinical progress in treating various diseases.In this study,we designed a carrier-free“3-in-1”peptide-daunorubicin-siRNA(PDR)nanoassembly,which combines a cell-penetrating and tumor-suppressing peptide,a daunorubicin(DNR)prodrug,and siRNA targeting the LILRB4 gene.After optimizing the molar ratio among peptide,DNR prodrug,and siRNA,we identified the most potent PDR formulation,which exhibited excellent intracellular uptake efficiency,primarily through caveolin-mediated endocytosis,in THP-1 cells.The pH-responsive bond in the DNR prodrug facilitated the endosomal escape of siRNA,leading to significant gene repression of LILRB4.Additionally,the tumor-suppressing peptide p16MIS effectively inhibited the transition of cells from the S phase to the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis.In a leukemia mouse model,PDR efficiently suppressed leukemia cell invasion,prolonged survival,and reduced leukemia cell infiltration in the bone marrow.Notably,silencing LILRB4 not only promoted T cell maturation in spleen and lymph nodes but also enhanced T cell infiltration in tumor tissues.This study offered a highly promising therapeutic strategy for AML and other diseases.展开更多
Synthetic aperture radar(SAR)three-dimensional(3D)imaging technology can reconstruct the complete structure of observed targets and has been a hot topic.Compared with tomographic SAR,array interferometric SAR,and circ...Synthetic aperture radar(SAR)three-dimensional(3D)imaging technology can reconstruct the complete structure of observed targets and has been a hot topic.Compared with tomographic SAR,array interferometric SAR,and circular SAR,curve SAR can use less data to achieve 3D positioning of targets.Most existing algorithms for estimating Doppler frequency modulation(FM)rate are based on sub aperture partitioning,resulting in low computational efficiency.To address this,this article establishes a target height estimation model,which reflects the relation-ship between the height and the residual Doppler FM rate for spaceborne curve SAR.Then,a fast SAR 3D localization processing flow based on fractional Fourier transform(FrFT)is proposed.Experimental verification demonstrates that this method can estimate the Doppler FM of the target column by column,and the 3D position error for non-overlapping targets is controlled within 1 m.For overlapping points with an intensity ratio greater than 1.5,the root mean square error(RMSE)of the estimation results is around 5 m.If the separation between overlapping points is greater than 35 m,the RMSE decreases to approximately 2 m.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209006,21935001)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QE009)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(buctrc202307)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z210016).
摘要Low-cost and high-safety aqueous Zn-I2 batteries attract extensive attention for large-scale energy storage systems.However,polyiodide shuttling and sluggish iodine conversion reactions lead to inferior rate capability and severe capacity decay.Herein,a three-dimensional polyaniline is wrapped by carboxylcarbon nanotubes(denoted as C-PANI)which is designed as a catalytic cathode to effectively boost iodine conversion with suppressed polyiodide shuttling,thereby improving Zn-I2 batteries.Specifically,carboxyl-carbon nanotubes serve as a proton reservoir for more protonated-NH+=sites in PANI chains,achieving a direct I0/I−reaction for suppressed polyiodide generation and Zn corrosion.Attributing to this“proton-iodine”regulation,catalytic protonated C-PANI strongly fixes electrolytic iodine species and stores proton ions simultaneously through reversible-N=/-NH+-reaction.Therefore,the electrolytic Zn-I2 battery with C-PANI cathode exhibits an impressive capacity of 420 mAh g−1 and ultra-long lifespan over 40,000 cycles.Additionally,a 60 mAh pouch cell was assembled with excellent cycling stability after 100 cycles,providing new insights into exploring effective organocatalysts for superb Zn-halogen batteries.
摘要Vaccination is widely recognized as one of the most effective public health interventions for preventing infectious diseases and has played a critical role in global health over the years.However,the current vaccine distribution and administration systems face significant challenges,including a heavy dependence on cold chain logistics,the need for trained healthcare personnel,and the complexity of global supply chains.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972030,51772030)the S&T Major Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China(2020ZD0018)+1 种基金Beijing Outstanding Young Scientists Program(BJJWZYJH01201910007023)Guangdong Key Laboratory of Battery Safety(2019B121203008)。
摘要Metal–organic framework(MOF)-based materials with high porosity,tunable compositions,diverse structures,and versatile functionalities provide great scope for next-generation rechargeable battery applications.Herein,this review summarizes recent advances in pristine MOFs,MOF composites,MOF derivatives,and MOF composite derivatives for high-performance sodium-ion batteries,potassiumion batteries,Zn-ion batteries,lithium–sulfur batteries,lithium–oxygen batteries,and Zn–air batteries in which the unique roles of MOFs as electrodes,separators,and even electrolyte are highlighted.Furthermore,through the discussion of MOFbased materials in each battery system,the key principles for controllable synthesis of diverse MOF-based materials and electrochemical performance improvement mechanisms are discussed in detail.Finally,the major challenges and perspectives of MOFs are also proposed for next-generation battery applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51972030 and 51772030)the S&T Major Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China (No. 2020ZD0018)+1 种基金the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientists Program (No. BJJWZYJH01201910007023)the Guangdong Key Laboratory of Battery Safety (No. 2019B121203008)
摘要The existing recycling and regeneration technologies have problems,such as poor regeneration effect and low added value of products for lithium(Li)-ion battery cathode materials with a low state of health.In this work,a targeted Li replenishment repair technology is proposed to improve the discharge-specific capacity and cycling stability of the repaired LiCoO2 cathode materials.Compared with the spent cathode material with>50%Li deficiency,the Li/Co molar ratio of the regenerated LiCoO2 cathode is>0.9,which completely removes the Co3O4 impurity phase formed by the decomposition of LixCoO2 in the failed cathode material after repair.The repaired LiCoO2 cathode mater-ials exhibit better cycling stability,lower electrochemical impedance,and faster Li+diffusion than the commercial materials at both 1 and 10 C.Meanwhile,Li1.05CoO2 cathodes have higher Li replenishment efficiency and cycling stability.The energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of LiCoO2 cathodes produced by this repair method are significantly reduced compared to those using pyrometallurgical and hydro-metallurgical recycling processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61971037,61960206009,61601031)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2020jcyj-msxm X0608,cstc2020jcyj-jq X0008)。
摘要Ground-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar(GB-InSAR)can take deformation measurement with a high accuracy.Partition of the GB-InSAR deformation map benefits analyzing the deformation state of the monitoring scene better.Existing partition methods rely on labelled datasets or single deformation feature,and they cannot be effectively utilized in GBInSAR applications.This paper proposes an improved partition method of the GB-InSAR deformation map based on dynamic time warping(DTW)and k-means.The DTW similarities between a reference point and all the measurement points are calculated based on their time-series deformations.Then the DTW similarity and cumulative deformation are taken as two partition features.With the k-means algorithm and the score based on multi evaluation indexes,a deformation map can be partitioned into an appropriate number of classes.Experimental datasets of West Copper Mine are processed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,whose measurement points are divided into seven classes with a score of 0.3151.
摘要Single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes are a promising candidate for high-energy lithium-ion batteries due to their higher structural and cycling stability than polycrystalline materials.However,the phase evolution and capacity degradation of these single-crystal cathodes during continuous lithation/delithation cycling remains unclear.Understanding the mapping relationship between the macroscopic electrochemical properties and the material physicochemical properties is crucial.Here,we investigate the correlation between the physical-chemical characteristics,phase transition,and capacity decay using capacity differential curve feature identification and in-situ X-ray spectroscopic imaging.We systematically clarify the dominant mechanism of phase evolution in aging cycling.Appropriately high cut-off voltages can mitigate the slow kinetic and electrochemical properties of single-crystal cathodes.We also find that second-order differential capacity discharge characteristic curves can be used to identify the crystal structure disorder of Ni-rich cathodes.These findings constitute a step forward in elucidating the correlation between the electrochemical extrinsic properties and the physicochemical intrinsic properties and provide new perspectives for failure analysis of layered electrode materials.
基金financially supported by the supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2024MB108)Taishan Young Scholar Program(tsqn202312312)Excellent Young Scholars of the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Overseas)(2023HWYQ-112)。
摘要Conversion-type electrode materials hold significant promise for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to their high theoretical capacities,yet their practical deployment is hindered by sluggish kinetics and irreversible structural degradation.To overcome these limitations,we propose a rationally engineered nanoreactor architecture that stabilizes defect-rich MoS2via interlayer incorporation of a carbon monolayer,followed by encapsulation within a nitrogen-doped carbon shell,forming a MoSSe@NC heterostructure.This tailored structure synergistically accelerates both K+diffusion kinetics and electron transfer,enabling unprecedented rate performance(107 mAh g-1at 10 Ag-1)and ultralong cyclability(86.5%capacity retention after 1200 cycles at 3 A g-1).Mechanistic insights reveal a distinctive“adsorption-conversion”pathway,where sulfur vacancies on exposed S-Mo-S basal planes act as preferential K+adsorption sites,effectively suppressing parasitic phase transitions during intercalation.In situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy corroborate the structural reversibility of the conversion reaction,with the carbon matrix dynamically accommodating strain while preserving electrode integrity.This work not only advances the understanding of defect-driven interfacial chemistry in conversion-type materials but also provides a versatile strategy for designing high-performance anodes in next-generation PIBs through heterostructure engineering.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51805027,51475041)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars(Grant No.3030011181804)Vehicular Transmission Key Laboratory Fund.
摘要Cavitation inside a torque converter induces noise,vibration and even failure,and these effects have been disregarded in previous torque converter design processes.However,modern torque converter applications require attention to this issue because of its high-speed and high-capacity requirements.Therefore,this study investigated the cavitation effect on a torque converter using both numerical and experimental methods with an emphasis on the influence of the charging oil feed location and charge pressure.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)models were established to simulate the transient cavitation behaviour in the torque converter using different charging oil pressures and inlet arrangements and testing against a base case to validate the results.The CFD results suggested that cavitating bubbles mainly takes place in the stator of the torque converter.The transient cavitation CFD model yielded good agreement with the experimental data,with an error of 7.6%in the capacity constant and 7.4%in the torque ratio.Both the experimental and numerical studies showed that cavitation induced severe capacity degradation,and that the charge pressure and charging oil configuration significantly affects both the overall hydrodynamic performance and the fluid behaviour inside the torque converter because of cavitation.Increasing the charge pressure and charging the oil from the turbine-stator clearance were found to suppress cavitation development and reduce performance degradation,especially in terms of the capacity constant.This study revealed the fluid field mechanism behind the influence of charging oil conditions on torque converter cavitation behaviour,providing practical guidelines for suppressing cavitation in torque converter.
摘要Scattering of the shear waves by a nano-sized cylindrical hole embedded the inhomogeneous is investigated in this study. The Helmholtz equation with a variable coefficient is transformed the standard Helmholtz equation by the complex function method and the conformal mapping method. By wave function expanding method, the analytical expressions of the displacement field and stress field in the inhomogeneous medium are obtained. Considering the surface effect and using the generalized Young-Laplace equation, we obtain the boundary conditions at nano arbitrary-shaped hole, then the field equations satisfying boundary conditions are attributed to solving a set of infinite algebraic equations. Numerical results show that when the radius of the cylindrical cavity shrinks to nanometers, surface energy becomes a dominant factor that affects the dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) around the cylindrical cavity. The influence the density variation of the inhomogeneity on the DSCF is discussed at the same time.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFB3305400)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Z220021)+3 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Program Talent Cultivation Project of Beijing Institute of Technology (2021CX01012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51972030, 22202011)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientists Program (BJJWZYJH01201910007023)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022QB056)。
摘要Dendrite formation severely compromises further development of zinc ion batteries. Increasing the nucleation overpotential plays a crucial role in achieving uniform deposition of metal ions. However, this strategy has not yet attracted enough attention from researchers to our knowledge. Here, we propose that thermodynamic nucleation overpotential of Zn deposition can be boosted through complexing agent and select sodium L-tartrate(Na-L) as example. Theoretical and experimental characterization reveals L-tartrate anion can partially replace H2O in the solvation sheath of Zn2+, increasing de-solvation energy. Concurrently, the Na+ could absorb on the surface of Zn anode preferentially to inhibit the deposition of Zn2+ aggregation. In consequence, the overpotential of Zn deposition could increase from 32.2 to 45.1 mV with the help of Na-L. The Zn-Zn cell could achieve a Zn utilization rate of 80% at areal capacity of 20 mAh cm-2. Zn-LiMn2O4 full cell with Na-L additive delivers improved stability than that with blank electrolyte. This study also provides insight into the regulation of nucleation overpotential to achieve homogeneous Zn deposition.
基金supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2130204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52002022)+1 种基金the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20200364)the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientists Program(BJJWZYJH01201910007023).
摘要Aqueous Zn2+-ion batteries(AZIBs),recognized for their high security,reliability,and cost efficiency,have garnered considerable attention.However,the prevalent issues of dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the Zn electrode interface significantly impede their practical application.In this study,we introduced a ubiquitous biomolecule of phenylalanine(Phe)into the electrolyte as a multifunctional additive to improve the reversibility of the Zn anode.Leveraging its exceptional nucleophilic characteristics,Phe molecules tend to coordinate with Zn2+ions for optimizing the solvation environment.Simultaneously,the distinctive lipophilicity of aromatic amino acids empowers Phe with a higher adsorption energy,enabling the construction of a multifunctional protective interphase.The hydrophobic benzene ring ligands act as cleaners for repelling H2O molecules,while the hydrophilic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups attract Zn2+ions for homogenizing Zn2+flux.Moreover,the preferential reduction of Phe molecules prior to H2O facilitates the in situ formation of an organic-inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interphase,enhancing the interfacial stability of the Zn anode.Consequently,Zn||Zn cells display improved reversibility,achieving an extended cycle life of 5250 h.Additionally,Zn||LMO full cells exhibit enhanced cyclability of retaining 77.3%capacity after 300 cycles,demonstrating substantial potential in advancing the commercialization of AZIBs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3800300)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientists Program(BJJWZYJH01201910007023)Yuanguang Scholars Program,Hebei University of Technology(282022554).
摘要The electrocatalytic sulfur reduction reaction(SRR)and sulfur evolution reaction(SER),two fundamental multistep conversion processes in lithium–sulfur batteries(LSBs),are root-cause solutions to overcome sluggish redox kinetics and the polysulfide shuttling effect.Metal–organic framework(MOF)electrocatalysts have emerged as good platforms for catalyzing SRR and SER,but their catalytic performance is challenged by poor electrical conductivity and limited chemical stability.Functionalized MOFs and their hybrids may be beneficial for stabilizing and improving the desired catalytic properties to achieve high-performance LSBs.This review provides a detailed overview of engineering principles for improving the activity,selectivity,and stability of MOFrelated electrocatalysts via composition modulation and nanostructure design as well as hybrid assembly.It presents and discusses the various advances achieved by using in situ characterization techniques,simulations,and theoretical calculations to reveal the dynamic evolution of MOF-related electrocatalysts,enabling an in-depth understanding of the catalysis mechanism at the molecular/atomic level.Lastly,prospects and possible research directions for MOF-related sulfur electrocatalysts are proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62102232,62122042,61971269)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province Under(ZR2021QF064)。
摘要As a combination of edge computing and artificial intelligence,edge intelligence has become a promising technique and provided its users with a series of fast,precise,and customized services.In edge intelligence,when learning agents are deployed on the edge side,the data aggregation from the end side to the designated edge devices is an important research topic.Considering the various importance of end devices,this paper studies the weighted data aggregation problem in a single hop end-to-edge communication network.Firstly,to make sure all the end devices with various weights are fairly treated in data aggregation,a distributed end-to-edge cooperative scheme is proposed.Then,to handle the massive contention on the wireless channel caused by end devices,a multi-armed bandit(MAB)algorithm is designed to help the end devices find their most appropriate update rates.Diffe-rent from the traditional data aggregation works,combining the MAB enables our algorithm a higher efficiency in data aggregation.With a theoretical analysis,we show that the efficiency of our algorithm is asymptotically optimal.Comparative experiments with previous works are also conducted to show the strength of our algorithm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62271126).
摘要This paper considers the problem of sea clutter sup-pression.We propose the cuttable encoder-decoder-augmenta-tion network(CEDAN)to improve clutter suppression perfor-mance by enriching the contrast information between the target and clutter.Specifically,the plug-and-play residual U-block(ResUblock)is proposed to augment the feature representation ability of the clutter suppression model.The CEDAN first extracts and fuses the multi-scale features using the encoder and the decoder composed of the ResUblocks.Then,the fused features are processed by the contrast information augmenta-tion module(CIAM)to enhance the diversity of target and clutter,resulting in encouraging sea clutter suppression results.In addi-tion,we propose the result-consistency loss to further improve the suppression performance.The result-consistency loss enables CEDAN to cut some blocks of decoder and CIAM to reduce the inference time without significantly degrading the suppression performance.Experimental results on measured and simulated data show that the CEDAN outperforms state-of-the-art sea clutter suppression methods in sea clutter suppres-sion performance and computation efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 52374410,22209006)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(grant numbers ZR2022QE009)+3 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(grant numbers Z220021)the National Key R&D Program of China(grant numbers 2022YFB3305400)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers U2130204)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientists Program(grant numbers BJJWZYJH01201910007023).
摘要In the development of sustainable lithium-ion batteries,achieving the efficient and cost-effective recycling of all components,particularly spent graphite(SG)anodes,has become a critical requirement.While considerable ef-forts have been devoted to recovering and reusing SG materials under conventional conditions,limited attention has been given to recycling under extreme conditions.This review systematically elucidates the main failure mechanisms of graphite anodes,including lithium plating and dendrite formation,solid electrolyte interface film failure,structural degradation,and current collector corrosion,with a particular focus on low-temperature and fast-charging conditions.As a contribution toward optimizing resource utilization,this review comprehensively summarizes the industrial perspective on strategies for recycling SG anodes,which aim to produce high-purity regenerated graphite(RG)powders.We also analyze current methods for modifying RG,such as structural reconstruction and surface reconditioning,to bring added value to modified RG materials.A detailed examination of the technical challenges in SG recycling and RG upgrading is presented,offering guidance for the future development of graphite upcycling technologies.This review also provides valuable insights into achieving high efficiency,intelligence,and sustainability in graphite utilization.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB3800300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22309010,92372128)the Xiaomi Innovation Joint Fund of Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(L223012).
摘要The growth of lithium dendrites and its associated challenges pose significant obstacles to the widespread adoption of lithium metal anodes.Although numerous inorganic materials offer the potential for stabilizing lithium metal anodes,trial-and-error experiments are time-consuming and cost-intensive.In this work,first,a high-throughput screening workflow integrated with machine learning and calculations has been used to identify possible materials,which incorporates several key indicators encompassing electronic conductivity,phase stability,mechanical properties,chemical stability,and lithium-ion transport performance.Four materials were used in experiments,and the results from both characterization and electrochemical testing show that HfO2@PP exhibits the best performance,which includes having the highest Young’s modulus.Furthermore,an Li||Li symmetric cell assembled using HfO2@PP operating at 1 mA cm−2and 1 mA h cm−2exhibited stable cycling for over 1000 h,while an Li||LFP cell assembled using HfO2@PP has a capacity retention rate of more than 90%and an average coulombic efficiency of 99.7%after 200 cycles at 1 C.This work provides a design method and ideas for inorganic coating materials on separators for lithium metal anodes.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171394 and U23A20489)the Funda-mental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2022CX01013)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M740259,2024M761233).
摘要In the cutting-edge realm of contemporary biomedical research,targeted protein degradation(TPD)technology has garnered sig-nificant attention due to its rapid advancement1,2.This approach modulates protein levels by harnessing the cell’s intrinsic degra-dation machinery,and shows therapeutic potential for diverse diseases,such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.How-ever,TPD tools require laborious case-by-case design tailored to different diseases and cell types when targeting new proteins,particularly for extracellular protein targets.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.52264042)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(grant Nos.20242BAB23034,20242BAB20162,20223AAG01009,and 20214BBG74005)Taishan Scholars Program(grant No.tsqn202408001)for financial supports to this work。
摘要Spouted bed is a type of fluidized bed that has been widely used in various industrial processes because of its excellent mass and heat transfer efficiency.In practical applications,the fluidization of the multicomponent particle system containing non-spherical particles is frequently encountered in spouted beds.To better understand the spouting behaviors of the multicomponent particle system,therefore,this study employs a CFD-DEM(Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method)coupling approach to investigate the spouting behaviors.Spherical particles along with two types of ellipsoidal particles(i.e.,oblate ellipsoid,and prolate ellipsoid)are included in this paper.Through the combination of these three particle types,seven distinct systems(three monodisperse systems,three binary mixtures,and one ternary mixture)are simulated to analyze the effects of particle shape and composition of particle systems on spouting behaviors.The simulation results reveal that introducing non-spherical particles into systems containing either spherical or oblate ellipsoidal particles tends to enhance spouting behaviors,whereas adding spherical particles to prolate ellipsoidal particle systems inclines to suppress it.The addition of non-spherical particles into the spherical particle system can enhance the particle interlocks,and using the oblate particles should have more important influence than prolate particles.Moreover,the influence of particle shape on the spout deflection behaviors is quite complicated,and the use of prolate ellipsoidal particles versus oblate ellipsoidal particles may produce opposite effects.These findings should provide valuable insights for optimizing spouted bed operations involving complex particle mixtures.
基金supported by the Beijing Nova Program(Interdisciplinary Cooperation Project)from Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(20220484207)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2021YFE0106900)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171394 and 32401187)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2023M740258)the Postdoctoral Fellow ship Program of CPSF(GZC20233397)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022CX01013)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2024JCYBQN0929)Xi'an Science and Technology Plan Project(23YXYJ0067).
摘要Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)continues to represent a substantial unmet therapeutic need in clinical practice.In recent years,peptide-drug conjugates and small interfering RNA(siRNA)drugs have gained considerable attention due to their impressive clinical progress in treating various diseases.In this study,we designed a carrier-free“3-in-1”peptide-daunorubicin-siRNA(PDR)nanoassembly,which combines a cell-penetrating and tumor-suppressing peptide,a daunorubicin(DNR)prodrug,and siRNA targeting the LILRB4 gene.After optimizing the molar ratio among peptide,DNR prodrug,and siRNA,we identified the most potent PDR formulation,which exhibited excellent intracellular uptake efficiency,primarily through caveolin-mediated endocytosis,in THP-1 cells.The pH-responsive bond in the DNR prodrug facilitated the endosomal escape of siRNA,leading to significant gene repression of LILRB4.Additionally,the tumor-suppressing peptide p16MIS effectively inhibited the transition of cells from the S phase to the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis.In a leukemia mouse model,PDR efficiently suppressed leukemia cell invasion,prolonged survival,and reduced leukemia cell infiltration in the bone marrow.Notably,silencing LILRB4 not only promoted T cell maturation in spleen and lymph nodes but also enhanced T cell infiltration in tumor tissues.This study offered a highly promising therapeutic strategy for AML and other diseases.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.SQ2022YFB 3900055)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62101039)+1 种基金in part by the Shandong Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program(Overseas)in part by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720443).
摘要Synthetic aperture radar(SAR)three-dimensional(3D)imaging technology can reconstruct the complete structure of observed targets and has been a hot topic.Compared with tomographic SAR,array interferometric SAR,and circular SAR,curve SAR can use less data to achieve 3D positioning of targets.Most existing algorithms for estimating Doppler frequency modulation(FM)rate are based on sub aperture partitioning,resulting in low computational efficiency.To address this,this article establishes a target height estimation model,which reflects the relation-ship between the height and the residual Doppler FM rate for spaceborne curve SAR.Then,a fast SAR 3D localization processing flow based on fractional Fourier transform(FrFT)is proposed.Experimental verification demonstrates that this method can estimate the Doppler FM of the target column by column,and the 3D position error for non-overlapping targets is controlled within 1 m.For overlapping points with an intensity ratio greater than 1.5,the root mean square error(RMSE)of the estimation results is around 5 m.If the separation between overlapping points is greater than 35 m,the RMSE decreases to approximately 2 m.