The 2024 MRE HP Special Volume selects papers on new theoretical and experimental developments in the use of static largevolume presses(LVPs)1–3 and dynamic compression4,5 for studies under extreme high-pressure and ...The 2024 MRE HP Special Volume selects papers on new theoretical and experimental developments in the use of static largevolume presses(LVPs)1–3 and dynamic compression4,5 for studies under extreme high-pressure and high-temperature(HPHT)conditions.It also continues the previous year’s6 contemporary focus on superhydrides7–11 with extremely high superconducting temperatures Tc and addresses some controversial issues.12–14 In addition,it explores unconventional pressure-induced chemistry,particularly novel chemical stoichiometry and its impact on geochemistry and cosmochemistry in the deep interiors of Earth and other planets.18–21.展开更多
Rare-earth nickelate(ReNiO3,with Re≠La)constitutes a paradigmatic class of strongly correlated electron systems,exhibiting a remarkable tunability of the metal-insulator transition(MIT)in response to external stim...Rare-earth nickelate(ReNiO3,with Re≠La)constitutes a paradigmatic class of strongly correlated electron systems,exhibiting a remarkable tunability of the metal-insulator transition(MIT)in response to external stimuli such as hydrostatic pressure,temperature,and chemical doping.This tunability arises from the competitive interplay among charge,spin,and orbital degrees of freedom.However,the fundamental mechanisms governing the effective control of the MIT under extreme conditions,particularly the intricate coupling between lattice dynamics and electronic localization,remain elusive.This knowledge gap poses a significant challenge to both fundamental research and practical applications of these materials.Herein,we present a systematic investigation of the structural phase transitions and electrical transport properties of HoNiO3under extreme conditions.In situ high-pressure x-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis uncovers a structural evolution pathway:an initial transition from a monoclinic insulating phase(P21)to an orthorhombic metallic phase(Pbnm)at approximately 17 GPa,followed by the emergence of a mixed-phase region(Pbnm and R3c)at approximately 35 GPa.Complementary electrical transport measurements reveal a pronounced sensitivity of the metal-insulator transition temperature(TMIT)to the synergistic effects of high pressure and low temperature.These findings not only provide crucial experimental evidence for elucidating the structure-property relationship in HoNiO3under extreme conditions,but also lay a conceptual foundation for designing advanced functional devices based on ReNiO3materials,with promising applications in high-sensitivity pressure sensors and temperature-responsive switches featuring tunable activation thresholds.展开更多
Recently we are witnessing the boom of high-pressure science and technology from a small niche field to becoming a major dimension in physical sciences.One of the most important technological advances is the integrati...Recently we are witnessing the boom of high-pressure science and technology from a small niche field to becoming a major dimension in physical sciences.One of the most important technological advances is the integration of synchrotron nanotechnology with the minute samples at ultrahigh pressures.Applications of high pressure have greatly enhanced our understanding of the electronic,phonon,and doping effects on the newly emerged graphene and related 2D layered materials.High pressure has created exotic stoichiometry even in common Group 17,15,and 14 compounds and drastically altered the basic σ and π bonding of organic compounds.Differential pressure measurements enable us to study the rheology and flow of mantle minerals in solid state,thus quantitatively constraining the geodynamics.They also introduce a new approach to understand defect and plastic deformations of nano particles.These examples open new frontiers of high-pressure research.展开更多
High-pressure and high-temperature(HPHT)experiments in large-volume presses(LVPs)benefit from reliable,available,and affordable heaters to achieve stable and homogeneous heating and,in some circumstances,X-ray transpa...High-pressure and high-temperature(HPHT)experiments in large-volume presses(LVPs)benefit from reliable,available,and affordable heaters to achieve stable and homogeneous heating and,in some circumstances,X-ray transparency for monitoring of properties of an in situ experiment using X-ray diffraction and contrast imaging techniques.We have developed heaters meeting the above requirements,and we screen the ternary system TiB2–SiC–hexagonal(h)BN(denoted as TSB)to enable manufacture of X-ray transparent heaters for HPHT runs.Heaters fabricated using optimized TSB-631(60%TiB2–30%SiC–10%hBN by weight)have been tested in modified truncated assemblies,showing excellent performance up to 22 GPa and 2395 K in HPHT runs.TSB-631 has good ceramic machinability,outstanding reproducibility,high stability,and negligible temperature gradient for runs at 3–7 GPa with cell assemblies with truncated edge lengths of 8–12 mm.The fabricated heaters not only show excellent performance in HPHT runs,but also demonstrate high X-ray transparency over a wide X-ray wavelength region,indicating potential applications for in situ X-ray diffraction/imaging under HPHT conditions in LVPs and other high-pressure apparatus.展开更多
High pressure science and technology is a vast area of inter-disciplinary research that encompasses the fields of physics,chem-istry,geoscience,and materials science and in which the science of ordinary matter is only...High pressure science and technology is a vast area of inter-disciplinary research that encompasses the fields of physics,chem-istry,geoscience,and materials science and in which the science of ordinary matter is only a special case under ambient condi-tions.Pressure,the physical variable of force exerted on the chem-ical bonding of a material,directly controls the material’s phys-ical and chemical properties.展开更多
The compressive behavior of Cr2S3in a quasi-hydrostatic environment was investigated by synchrotron x-ray diffraction using silicone oil as the pressure-transmitting medium in a diamond anvil cell.The maximum pr...The compressive behavior of Cr2S3in a quasi-hydrostatic environment was investigated by synchrotron x-ray diffraction using silicone oil as the pressure-transmitting medium in a diamond anvil cell.The maximum pressure was 34 GPa.We found that Cr2S3undergoes a structural phase transition at a pressure of 8.5 GPa and the bulk modulus before the phase transition was fitted to be 88 GPa,which corresponds to a bulk modulus of 67 GPa calculated by first-principles theory.In addition,we also investigated the electrical resistance of Cr2S3at different pressures and temperatures and found that the resistance decreases rapidly with increasing pressure or temperature and then remains almost unchanged with an increase in pressure or temperature.This indicates that Cr2S3undergoes a structural phase transition around 8 GPa.In order to accurately confirm the phase transition pressure,high-pressure Raman experiments were used.We found that the position of Raman peak 3 increases approximately linearly at low pressure and remains constant above 8 GPa,indicating that a structural phase transition occurs at 8 GPa.Finally,the deviatoric stress of Cr2S3at high pressures was investigated by the linewidth analysis method.The results show that the deviatoric stress increases approximately linearly at low pressures in the range of 2.8-6.2 GPa.展开更多
Large-volume presses(LVPs)are widely utilized in diverse research fields—including high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials science,and Earth and planetary sciences—to investigate the physical and chemical properti...Large-volume presses(LVPs)are widely utilized in diverse research fields—including high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials science,and Earth and planetary sciences—to investigate the physical and chemical properties of materials under extreme high-pressure and hightemperature conditions.A prerequisite for achieving reproducible property measurements is the determination and control of pressure within experimental setups.However,the lack of precise pressure calibration in LVPs hinders the broader application of such devices in ultrahigh-pressure studies.This study employs a suite of standard phase transition-based pressure markers—comprising metallic conductors,semiconductors,and minerals—through both in situ and ex situ identification approaches,to establish pressure calibration curves ranging from 0.4 to>30 GPa for various types of LVP installed at the Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research(HPSTAR),Beijing,including piston–cylinder,cubic,and multi-anvil presses.The results provide a unified and traceable pressure reference for highpressure experiments conducted at HPSTAR,while also offering technical guidance and calibration standards for other researchers utilizing similar LVP systems,thereby enabling more consistent comparison between different laboratories.This work facilitates the advancement of LVP research toward broader applications in higher-pressure regimes.展开更多
Iodide ions can form crystal lattices with large interstitial spaces,making them archetypal systems for investigating superionic phase transitions.Understanding how iodine-based lattices evolve under different thermod...Iodide ions can form crystal lattices with large interstitial spaces,making them archetypal systems for investigating superionic phase transitions.Understanding how iodine-based lattices evolve under different thermodynamic conditions is therefore a central problem in condensed matter physics and functional materials design.Aluminum iodide(AlI3)is a molecular solid crystal with low ionic conductivity under ambient conditions,and it plays important roles in batteries and catalytic applications,motivating exploration of its pressure-tunable ionic transport behavior.Here,we reveal the pressure-induced structural dimensionality evolution in AlI3 through first-principles structural searches and synchrotron X-ray diffraction(XRD).We identify a sequence of phase transitions:from the molecular P21/c phase to a two-dimensional layered rhombohedral(R-3)phase above 1.3 GPa,and subsequently to a one-dimensional chain-like orthorhombic(Cmcm)phase beyond 49 GPa.Notably,in situ laser-heating XRD and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the R-3 phase undergoes a transition to a superionic state at high temperatures,where Al3+ions undergo partially disordered,rapid diffusion within the rigid iodine layers.We further demonstrate that the introduction of Al3+vacancies substantially reduces the superionic transition temperature.Our work not only maps the structural evolution of AlI3 under pressure,but also provides a key reference for the structural design of metal halides under high pressure.展开更多
High-pressure ultrafast dynamics has been recently developed,enabling the exploration of non-equilibrium properties of various quantum materials under high pressure.Particularly,by investigating the pressure dependenc...High-pressure ultrafast dynamics has been recently developed,enabling the exploration of non-equilibrium properties of various quantum materials under high pressure.Particularly,by investigating the pressure dependence of time-resolved ultrafast dynamics,we have discovered a pressure-induced phonon bottleneck effect(PBE).To date,all reported PBEs are due to fully closed gaps,which was reflected in the simultaneous characteristic changes in both amplitude and lifetime of the phonon-phonon scattering slow relaxation component.However,as reflected through its connection to Euler disk,incompletely closed gaps can also induce PBEs.In this work,we report the first PBE due to a finite shrinking gap.As is known,it is challenging to directly observe high-pressure-induced variations in electronic band gaps due to the diamond anvil cell.Here,by investigating Sr2IrO4in our previous work,we obtain an empirical formula for the pressure-induced energy gap variation at room temperature.Our quantitative analysis shows that the gap is finite shrinking rather than fully closed.展开更多
Limited by the sluggish kinetics at the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),optimizing platinum-based alloy catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction remains a key target toward industrialization.Stra...Limited by the sluggish kinetics at the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),optimizing platinum-based alloy catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction remains a key target toward industrialization.Strain engineering is widely employed to tune Pt-M catalysts,but its impact on the structure-property relationship is often interwoven with multiple factors.In this work,we propose a bi-stage strain tuning method and demonstrate it on the most common PtCo catalysts.Macro-strain is introduced by synthesizing single-crystal PtCo nanodendrites,whereas mild acid etching introduces micro-strain to the surface.The half-wave potential of as-treated catalysts reaches 0.959 V,and mass activity is up to 0.69 A mg−1Pt.A minimal decrease of 2 mV is observed for half-wave potential after 10,000 cycles.Detailed analysis using advanced transmission electron microscopy,wide-angle X-ray scattering,etc.provides direct evidence that surface disorder at the atomic scale accounts for the enhanced activity and stability.In contrast,the simplicity of this approach allows for scaling up on Pt-M catalysts,as demonstrated on PEMFCs.The bi-stage strain tuning strategy provides a new perspective and reference for improving the activity and durability of Pt-M catalysts.展开更多
Maintaining stable high temperatures under pressure remains a challenge in high-pressure,high-temperature experiments using multi-anvil presses(MAPs).Temperature fluctuations exceeding 10℃ at high pressures are commo...Maintaining stable high temperatures under pressure remains a challenge in high-pressure,high-temperature experiments using multi-anvil presses(MAPs).Temperature fluctuations exceeding 10℃ at high pressures are common and particularly problematic with LaCrO3 heaters,which can experience significant power fluctuations and even failure due to substantial resistance changes—an issue conventional thyristorcontrolled heating systems cannot effectively manage.To address this limitation,we have developed the Multi-Anvil Stable Temperature controller(MASTer),a high-performance heating system optimized for MAP experiments.MASTer enables precise,high-speed measurement of heating parameters and power output control,incorporating a gentle regulation strategy to enhance stability.It ensures consistent heating across various heater types,including LaCrO3,with power fluctuations limited to±0.1 W and temperature fluctuations to within±2℃ in most cases.The design,operating principles,user interface,functionality,and performance of the heating system are discussed in detail.展开更多
High-pressure research has emerged as a pivotal approach for advancing our understanding and development of optoelectronic materials,which are vital for a wide range of applications,including photovoltaics,light-emitt...High-pressure research has emerged as a pivotal approach for advancing our understanding and development of optoelectronic materials,which are vital for a wide range of applications,including photovoltaics,light-emitting devices,and photodetectors.This review highlights various in situ characterization methods employed in high-pressure research to investigate the optical,electronic,and structural properties of optoelectronic materials.We explore the advances that have been made in techniques such as X-ray diffraction,absorption spectroscopy,nonlinear optics,photoluminescence spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and photoresponse measurement,emphasizing how these methods have enhanced the elucidation of structural transitions,bandgap modulation,performance optimization,and carrier dynamics engineering.These insights underscore the pivotal role of high-pressure techniques in optimizing and tailoring optoelectronic materials for future applications.展开更多
Phase engineering has proven to be an effective strategy for achieving superior thermoelectric performance,while pressure is an excellent means of expanding the phase space of a material.In this paper,the effect of pr...Phase engineering has proven to be an effective strategy for achieving superior thermoelectric performance,while pressure is an excellent means of expanding the phase space of a material.In this paper,the effect of pressure-induced phase transition on improving the crystal symmetry and enhancing the thermoelectric properties of AgCrSe2 under high pressure and high temperature are reported.A structural phase transition from the low-symmetry R3m phase to the high-symmetry P3m1 phase is discovered below 1 GPa,which increases band degeneracy and contributes to a high electrical conductivity.For the metallic P3m1 phase,the electrons surrounding the Se2−anion gradually transfer to the Ag+and Cr3+cations as the pressure increases,decreasing the density of states around the Fermi level and thus optimizing the carrier concentration,thereby increasing the Seebeck coefficient while maintaining a high electrical conductivity.Consequently,an ultrahigh power factor of 864μW⋅m−1⋅K−2 is achieved at 5 GPa and 297 K.This study provides new insights into improving thermoelectric transport properties by applying physical pressure to enhance crystal symmetry and optimize thermoelectric parameters,and also indicates that phase engineering is a compelling strategy to discover or design novel high-performance thermoelectric materials starting from low-symmetry compounds.展开更多
1.Introduction Compared with the widely used vapor-compression refrigeration,solid-state cooling based on phase transition offers higher ef-ficiency,environmental friendliness,and smaller volume[1,2].The phase transit...1.Introduction Compared with the widely used vapor-compression refrigeration,solid-state cooling based on phase transition offers higher ef-ficiency,environmental friendliness,and smaller volume[1,2].The phase transition of solid refrigerants can be triggered by external fields,i.e.,magnetic fields[3-5],electric fields[6,7].展开更多
The transition metal trichalcogenides(TMTs)with quasi-one-dimensional(quasi-1D)layered crystal structure represent a unique platform to explore intriguing physical properties.Herein,we report the successful growth of ...The transition metal trichalcogenides(TMTs)with quasi-one-dimensional(quasi-1D)layered crystal structure represent a unique platform to explore intriguing physical properties.Herein,we report the successful growth of a new TMT TiSe3single crystal by using a high-pressure and high-temperature technique.The crystal structure of TiSe3was determined by measuring the single-crystal x-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction.The 1D chain-like structure along the b-axis is formed by the TiSe6prisms which share their tops and bottoms with each other.TiSe3is a narrow band gap semiconductor with electron-type carriers under ambient conditions identified by the electrical and Hall effect measurements.It exhibits a pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal transition around 4 GPa.As the pressure further increases to~6 GPa,a pressure-induced Lifshitz transition occurs,as indicated by the electrical transport measurements,high-pressure crystal structure characterizations,and electronic band structure calculations.展开更多
The recently discovered mixed-valence compound Eu9MgS2B20O41is composed of triple-kagomé-layers separated by nonmagnetic Mg2+ions,and intervalence charge transfer has been observed in the mixed Eu^...The recently discovered mixed-valence compound Eu9MgS2B20O41is composed of triple-kagomé-layers separated by nonmagnetic Mg2+ions,and intervalence charge transfer has been observed in the mixed Eu2+and Eu3+ions within the kagomé layers,exhibiting similar characteristics typical of a quantum spin liquid.In this study,high-pressure in situ x-ray diffraction measurements on Eu9MgS2B20O41were conducted within the range of 0.1 MPa to 64.4 GPa.The results revealed that the stabilization of the ambient-pressure phase,with no transition from mixed valence to single valence observed within the studied pressure range.The bulk modulus of the sample was determined to be 167.3(28)GPa and 180.8(17)GPa,for the single-crystal and powder x-ray diffraction data at room temperature,respectively.These values correspond to approximately 40%of the bulk modulus of diamond.Moreover,absorption spectroscopy measurements were carried out up to 37.9 GPa,revealing a~20%reduction in the energy band gap,mainly due to the shortened Eu-O bond lengths.The relationship between pressure and band gap demonstrates a nearly linear trend,with a slope of-0.013 eV/GPa.The findings of the present study imply that the studied sample demonstrates considerable robustness under extreme pressures.展开更多
A 4:1(volume ratio)methanol–ethanol(ME)mixture and silicone oil are two of the most widely used liquid pressure-transmitting media(PTM)in high-pressure studies.Their hydrostatic limits have been extensively studied u...A 4:1(volume ratio)methanol–ethanol(ME)mixture and silicone oil are two of the most widely used liquid pressure-transmitting media(PTM)in high-pressure studies.Their hydrostatic limits have been extensively studied using various methods;however,the evolution of the atomic structures associated with their emerging nonhydrostaticity remains unclear.Here,we monitor their structures as functions of pressure up to∼30 GPa at room temperature using in situ high-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction(XRD),optical micro-Raman spectroscopy,and ruby fluorescence spectroscopy in a diamond anvil cell.No crystallization is observed for either PTM.The pressure dependence of the principal diffraction peak position and width indicates the existence of a glass transition in the 4:1MEmixture at∼12 GPa and in the silicone oil at∼3 GPa,beyond which a pressure gradient emerges and grows quickly with pressure.There may be another liquid-to-liquid transition in the 4:1 ME mixture at∼5 GPa and two more glass-to-glass transitions in the silicone oil at∼10 GPa and∼16 GPa.By contrast,Raman signals only show peak weakening and broadening for typical structural disordering,and Raman spectroscopy seems to be less sensitive than XRD in catching these structural transitions related to hydrostaticity variations in both PTM.These results uncover rich pressure-induced transitions in the two PTM and clarify their effects on hydrostaticity with direct structural evidence.The high-pressure XRD and Raman data on the two PTM obtained in this work could also be helpful in distinguishing between signals from samples and those from PTM in future high-pressure experiments.展开更多
Materials transform abruptly under compression,with their properties varying as strong functions of pressure.Advances in highpressure and probe technology have enabled experimental characterizations up to several hund...Materials transform abruptly under compression,with their properties varying as strong functions of pressure.Advances in highpressure and probe technology have enabled experimental characterizations up to several hundred gigapascal(GPa).Studies in the physical sciences are now expanding to include a vast previously uncharted pressure region in which transformative ideas and discoveries are becoming commonplace.Matter and Radiation under Extremes(MRE)is taking advantage of this opportunity to provide a forum for publishing the finest peer-reviewed research in highpressure science and technology on the basis of its interdisciplinary interest,importance,timeliness,and surprising conclusions.This MRE HP Special Volume gathers together a set of contemporary perspectives,highlights,reviews,and research articles in multiple disciplines of high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials,and geoscience that illustrate both current and forthcoming trends in this exciting research area.展开更多
Recent developments in in situ nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy under extreme conditions have led to the observation of a wide variety of physical phenomena that are not accessible with standard high-pressu...Recent developments in in situ nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy under extreme conditions have led to the observation of a wide variety of physical phenomena that are not accessible with standard high-pressure experimental probes.However,inherent di-or quadrupolar line broadening in diamond anvil cell(DAC)-based NMR experiments often limits detailed investigation of local atomic structures,especially if different phases or local environments coexist.Here,we describe our progress in the development of high-resolutionNMRexperiments in DACs using one-and two-dimensional homonuclear decoupling experiments at pressures up to the megabar regime.Using this technique,spectral resolutions of the order of 1 ppm and below have been achieved,enabling high-pressure structural analysis.Several examples are presented that demonstrate the wide applicability of this method for extreme conditions research.展开更多
We perform a series of high-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) and resistance measurements on the Weyl semimetal NbAs. The crystal structure remains stable up to 26 GPa according to the powder XRD data. Th...We perform a series of high-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) and resistance measurements on the Weyl semimetal NbAs. The crystal structure remains stable up to 26 GPa according to the powder XRD data. The resistance of NbAs single crystal increases monotonically with pressure at low temperature. Up to 20 GPa, no superconducting transition is observed down to 0.3 K. These results show that the Weyl semimetal phase is robust in NbAs, and applying pressure may not be a good way to obtain a topological superconductor from Weyl semimetal NbAs.展开更多
基金financial support from the Shanghai Key Laboratory of MFree,China(Grant No.22dz2260800)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee,China(Grant No.22JC1410300).
摘要The 2024 MRE HP Special Volume selects papers on new theoretical and experimental developments in the use of static largevolume presses(LVPs)1–3 and dynamic compression4,5 for studies under extreme high-pressure and high-temperature(HPHT)conditions.It also continues the previous year’s6 contemporary focus on superhydrides7–11 with extremely high superconducting temperatures Tc and addresses some controversial issues.12–14 In addition,it explores unconventional pressure-induced chemistry,particularly novel chemical stoichiometry and its impact on geochemistry and cosmochemistry in the deep interiors of Earth and other planets.18–21.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA0718900)。
摘要Rare-earth nickelate(ReNiO3,with Re≠La)constitutes a paradigmatic class of strongly correlated electron systems,exhibiting a remarkable tunability of the metal-insulator transition(MIT)in response to external stimuli such as hydrostatic pressure,temperature,and chemical doping.This tunability arises from the competitive interplay among charge,spin,and orbital degrees of freedom.However,the fundamental mechanisms governing the effective control of the MIT under extreme conditions,particularly the intricate coupling between lattice dynamics and electronic localization,remain elusive.This knowledge gap poses a significant challenge to both fundamental research and practical applications of these materials.Herein,we present a systematic investigation of the structural phase transitions and electrical transport properties of HoNiO3under extreme conditions.In situ high-pressure x-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis uncovers a structural evolution pathway:an initial transition from a monoclinic insulating phase(P21)to an orthorhombic metallic phase(Pbnm)at approximately 17 GPa,followed by the emergence of a mixed-phase region(Pbnm and R3c)at approximately 35 GPa.Complementary electrical transport measurements reveal a pronounced sensitivity of the metal-insulator transition temperature(TMIT)to the synergistic effects of high pressure and low temperature.These findings not only provide crucial experimental evidence for elucidating the structure-property relationship in HoNiO3under extreme conditions,but also lay a conceptual foundation for designing advanced functional devices based on ReNiO3materials,with promising applications in high-sensitivity pressure sensors and temperature-responsive switches featuring tunable activation thresholds.
摘要Recently we are witnessing the boom of high-pressure science and technology from a small niche field to becoming a major dimension in physical sciences.One of the most important technological advances is the integration of synchrotron nanotechnology with the minute samples at ultrahigh pressures.Applications of high pressure have greatly enhanced our understanding of the electronic,phonon,and doping effects on the newly emerged graphene and related 2D layered materials.High pressure has created exotic stoichiometry even in common Group 17,15,and 14 compounds and drastically altered the basic σ and π bonding of organic compounds.Differential pressure measurements enable us to study the rheology and flow of mantle minerals in solid state,thus quantitatively constraining the geodynamics.They also introduce a new approach to understand defect and plastic deformations of nano particles.These examples open new frontiers of high-pressure research.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22090041 and 22401297)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2022B1515120014).
摘要High-pressure and high-temperature(HPHT)experiments in large-volume presses(LVPs)benefit from reliable,available,and affordable heaters to achieve stable and homogeneous heating and,in some circumstances,X-ray transparency for monitoring of properties of an in situ experiment using X-ray diffraction and contrast imaging techniques.We have developed heaters meeting the above requirements,and we screen the ternary system TiB2–SiC–hexagonal(h)BN(denoted as TSB)to enable manufacture of X-ray transparent heaters for HPHT runs.Heaters fabricated using optimized TSB-631(60%TiB2–30%SiC–10%hBN by weight)have been tested in modified truncated assemblies,showing excellent performance up to 22 GPa and 2395 K in HPHT runs.TSB-631 has good ceramic machinability,outstanding reproducibility,high stability,and negligible temperature gradient for runs at 3–7 GPa with cell assemblies with truncated edge lengths of 8–12 mm.The fabricated heaters not only show excellent performance in HPHT runs,but also demonstrate high X-ray transparency over a wide X-ray wavelength region,indicating potential applications for in situ X-ray diffraction/imaging under HPHT conditions in LVPs and other high-pressure apparatus.
基金H.K.Mao is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.U1930401.
摘要High pressure science and technology is a vast area of inter-disciplinary research that encompasses the fields of physics,chem-istry,geoscience,and materials science and in which the science of ordinary matter is only a special case under ambient condi-tions.Pressure,the physical variable of force exerted on the chem-ical bonding of a material,directly controls the material’s phys-ical and chemical properties.
基金financial supported of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3702102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12374019)+1 种基金the Open Fund Project of the Research Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Industry Technology of SiChuan Arts and Science University(Grant No.ZNZZ2503)Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optoelectronic System Perception and Application in Sichuan Province,China(Grant No.ZNGD2219)。
摘要The compressive behavior of Cr2S3in a quasi-hydrostatic environment was investigated by synchrotron x-ray diffraction using silicone oil as the pressure-transmitting medium in a diamond anvil cell.The maximum pressure was 34 GPa.We found that Cr2S3undergoes a structural phase transition at a pressure of 8.5 GPa and the bulk modulus before the phase transition was fitted to be 88 GPa,which corresponds to a bulk modulus of 67 GPa calculated by first-principles theory.In addition,we also investigated the electrical resistance of Cr2S3at different pressures and temperatures and found that the resistance decreases rapidly with increasing pressure or temperature and then remains almost unchanged with an increase in pressure or temperature.This indicates that Cr2S3undergoes a structural phase transition around 8 GPa.In order to accurately confirm the phase transition pressure,high-pressure Raman experiments were used.We found that the position of Raman peak 3 increases approximately linearly at low pressure and remains constant above 8 GPa,indicating that a structural phase transition occurs at 8 GPa.Finally,the deviatoric stress of Cr2S3at high pressures was investigated by the linewidth analysis method.The results show that the deviatoric stress increases approximately linearly at low pressures in the range of 2.8-6.2 GPa.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1530402 and U1930401).
摘要Large-volume presses(LVPs)are widely utilized in diverse research fields—including high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials science,and Earth and planetary sciences—to investigate the physical and chemical properties of materials under extreme high-pressure and hightemperature conditions.A prerequisite for achieving reproducible property measurements is the determination and control of pressure within experimental setups.However,the lack of precise pressure calibration in LVPs hinders the broader application of such devices in ultrahigh-pressure studies.This study employs a suite of standard phase transition-based pressure markers—comprising metallic conductors,semiconductors,and minerals—through both in situ and ex situ identification approaches,to establish pressure calibration curves ranging from 0.4 to>30 GPa for various types of LVP installed at the Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research(HPSTAR),Beijing,including piston–cylinder,cubic,and multi-anvil presses.The results provide a unified and traceable pressure reference for highpressure experiments conducted at HPSTAR,while also offering technical guidance and calibration standards for other researchers utilizing similar LVP systems,thereby enabling more consistent comparison between different laboratories.This work facilitates the advancement of LVP research toward broader applications in higher-pressure regimes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974154,42150101,12304278,and T2425016)the Taishan Scholars Special Funding for Construction Projects(Grant No.tstp20230622)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant Nos.ZR2022MA004,ZR2023QA127,and ZR2024QA121)the Special Foundation of Yantai for Leading Talents above Provincial Level.
摘要Iodide ions can form crystal lattices with large interstitial spaces,making them archetypal systems for investigating superionic phase transitions.Understanding how iodine-based lattices evolve under different thermodynamic conditions is therefore a central problem in condensed matter physics and functional materials design.Aluminum iodide(AlI3)is a molecular solid crystal with low ionic conductivity under ambient conditions,and it plays important roles in batteries and catalytic applications,motivating exploration of its pressure-tunable ionic transport behavior.Here,we reveal the pressure-induced structural dimensionality evolution in AlI3 through first-principles structural searches and synchrotron X-ray diffraction(XRD).We identify a sequence of phase transitions:from the molecular P21/c phase to a two-dimensional layered rhombohedral(R-3)phase above 1.3 GPa,and subsequently to a one-dimensional chain-like orthorhombic(Cmcm)phase beyond 49 GPa.Notably,in situ laser-heating XRD and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the R-3 phase undergoes a transition to a superionic state at high temperatures,where Al3+ions undergo partially disordered,rapid diffusion within the rigid iodine layers.We further demonstrate that the introduction of Al3+vacancies substantially reduces the superionic transition temperature.Our work not only maps the structural evolution of AlI3 under pressure,but also provides a key reference for the structural design of metal halides under high pressure.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12204400 and 12534006)Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics(Grant No.2024BNLCMPKF020)+2 种基金Innovation Capability Improvement Project of Hebei Province(Grant No.22567605H)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFA1408700 and 2021YFA1400201)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-059)。
摘要High-pressure ultrafast dynamics has been recently developed,enabling the exploration of non-equilibrium properties of various quantum materials under high pressure.Particularly,by investigating the pressure dependence of time-resolved ultrafast dynamics,we have discovered a pressure-induced phonon bottleneck effect(PBE).To date,all reported PBEs are due to fully closed gaps,which was reflected in the simultaneous characteristic changes in both amplitude and lifetime of the phonon-phonon scattering slow relaxation component.However,as reflected through its connection to Euler disk,incompletely closed gaps can also induce PBEs.In this work,we report the first PBE due to a finite shrinking gap.As is known,it is challenging to directly observe high-pressure-induced variations in electronic band gaps due to the diamond anvil cell.Here,by investigating Sr2IrO4in our previous work,we obtain an empirical formula for the pressure-induced energy gap variation at room temperature.Our quantitative analysis shows that the gap is finite shrinking rather than fully closed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.12274010,12474003)Beijing Nova Program(20240484584)+2 种基金the support from the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Material Frontiers Research in Extreme Environments,China(No.22dz2260800)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee,China(No.22JC1410300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52103330)。
摘要Limited by the sluggish kinetics at the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),optimizing platinum-based alloy catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction remains a key target toward industrialization.Strain engineering is widely employed to tune Pt-M catalysts,but its impact on the structure-property relationship is often interwoven with multiple factors.In this work,we propose a bi-stage strain tuning method and demonstrate it on the most common PtCo catalysts.Macro-strain is introduced by synthesizing single-crystal PtCo nanodendrites,whereas mild acid etching introduces micro-strain to the surface.The half-wave potential of as-treated catalysts reaches 0.959 V,and mass activity is up to 0.69 A mg−1Pt.A minimal decrease of 2 mV is observed for half-wave potential after 10,000 cycles.Detailed analysis using advanced transmission electron microscopy,wide-angle X-ray scattering,etc.provides direct evidence that surface disorder at the atomic scale accounts for the enhanced activity and stability.In contrast,the simplicity of this approach allows for scaling up on Pt-M catalysts,as demonstrated on PEMFCs.The bi-stage strain tuning strategy provides a new perspective and reference for improving the activity and durability of Pt-M catalysts.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.T2225027)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1608902).
摘要Maintaining stable high temperatures under pressure remains a challenge in high-pressure,high-temperature experiments using multi-anvil presses(MAPs).Temperature fluctuations exceeding 10℃ at high pressures are common and particularly problematic with LaCrO3 heaters,which can experience significant power fluctuations and even failure due to substantial resistance changes—an issue conventional thyristorcontrolled heating systems cannot effectively manage.To address this limitation,we have developed the Multi-Anvil Stable Temperature controller(MASTer),a high-performance heating system optimized for MAP experiments.MASTer enables precise,high-speed measurement of heating parameters and power output control,incorporating a gentle regulation strategy to enhance stability.It ensures consistent heating across various heater types,including LaCrO3,with power fluctuations limited to±0.1 W and temperature fluctuations to within±2℃ in most cases.The design,operating principles,user interface,functionality,and performance of the heating system are discussed in detail.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.22275004,62274040,and 62304046)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(Grant No.22JC1410300)+2 种基金the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Novel Extreme Condition Materials(Grant No.22dz2260800)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0137400)the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovationaction Plan(Grant No.24DZ3001200).
摘要High-pressure research has emerged as a pivotal approach for advancing our understanding and development of optoelectronic materials,which are vital for a wide range of applications,including photovoltaics,light-emitting devices,and photodetectors.This review highlights various in situ characterization methods employed in high-pressure research to investigate the optical,electronic,and structural properties of optoelectronic materials.We explore the advances that have been made in techniques such as X-ray diffraction,absorption spectroscopy,nonlinear optics,photoluminescence spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and photoresponse measurement,emphasizing how these methods have enhanced the elucidation of structural transitions,bandgap modulation,performance optimization,and carrier dynamics engineering.These insights underscore the pivotal role of high-pressure techniques in optimizing and tailoring optoelectronic materials for future applications.
基金supported by the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program,China(Grant No.20250102013JC).
摘要Phase engineering has proven to be an effective strategy for achieving superior thermoelectric performance,while pressure is an excellent means of expanding the phase space of a material.In this paper,the effect of pressure-induced phase transition on improving the crystal symmetry and enhancing the thermoelectric properties of AgCrSe2 under high pressure and high temperature are reported.A structural phase transition from the low-symmetry R3m phase to the high-symmetry P3m1 phase is discovered below 1 GPa,which increases band degeneracy and contributes to a high electrical conductivity.For the metallic P3m1 phase,the electrons surrounding the Se2−anion gradually transfer to the Ag+and Cr3+cations as the pressure increases,decreasing the density of states around the Fermi level and thus optimizing the carrier concentration,thereby increasing the Seebeck coefficient while maintaining a high electrical conductivity.Consequently,an ultrahigh power factor of 864μW⋅m−1⋅K−2 is achieved at 5 GPa and 297 K.This study provides new insights into improving thermoelectric transport properties by applying physical pressure to enhance crystal symmetry and optimize thermoelectric parameters,and also indicates that phase engineering is a compelling strategy to discover or design novel high-performance thermoelectric materials starting from low-symmetry compounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52371106,52371025,52171154,51871076,52071118,and 52301223)Interdisciplinary Research Foundation of HIT(No.IR2021201)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City(No.2023J346)supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ24E010004)supported by the National Science Foundation(NSF)-Earth Sciences(No.EAR-1634415)the Department of Energy(DOE)-GeoSciences(No.DE-FG02-94ER14466)supported by DOE-BES(No.DE-AC02-06CH11357).
摘要1.Introduction Compared with the widely used vapor-compression refrigeration,solid-state cooling based on phase transition offers higher ef-ficiency,environmental friendliness,and smaller volume[1,2].The phase transition of solid refrigerants can be triggered by external fields,i.e.,magnetic fields[3-5],electric fields[6,7].
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFA1406100 and 2024YFA1400066)the Open Research Fund of Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics(Grant No.2023BNLCMPKF002)+6 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52288102 and 52090020)the S&T Program of Hebei(Grant No.225A1102D)the Open Projects from the State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology,Yanshan University(Grant No.202301)carried out at the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SE-CUF)of the Chinese Academy of Sciencessupport from the Analytical Instrumentation Center(Grant No.SPST-AIC10112914)School of Physical Science and Technology(SPST),ShanghaiTech Universitysupported by the Double First-Class Initiative Fund of ShanghaiTech University.
摘要The transition metal trichalcogenides(TMTs)with quasi-one-dimensional(quasi-1D)layered crystal structure represent a unique platform to explore intriguing physical properties.Herein,we report the successful growth of a new TMT TiSe3single crystal by using a high-pressure and high-temperature technique.The crystal structure of TiSe3was determined by measuring the single-crystal x-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction.The 1D chain-like structure along the b-axis is formed by the TiSe6prisms which share their tops and bottoms with each other.TiSe3is a narrow band gap semiconductor with electron-type carriers under ambient conditions identified by the electrical and Hall effect measurements.It exhibits a pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal transition around 4 GPa.As the pressure further increases to~6 GPa,a pressure-induced Lifshitz transition occurs,as indicated by the electrical transport measurements,high-pressure crystal structure characterizations,and electronic band structure calculations.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274062 and 22371246)carried out at the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SECUF).
摘要The recently discovered mixed-valence compound Eu9MgS2B20O41is composed of triple-kagomé-layers separated by nonmagnetic Mg2+ions,and intervalence charge transfer has been observed in the mixed Eu2+and Eu3+ions within the kagomé layers,exhibiting similar characteristics typical of a quantum spin liquid.In this study,high-pressure in situ x-ray diffraction measurements on Eu9MgS2B20O41were conducted within the range of 0.1 MPa to 64.4 GPa.The results revealed that the stabilization of the ambient-pressure phase,with no transition from mixed valence to single valence observed within the studied pressure range.The bulk modulus of the sample was determined to be 167.3(28)GPa and 180.8(17)GPa,for the single-crystal and powder x-ray diffraction data at room temperature,respectively.These values correspond to approximately 40%of the bulk modulus of diamond.Moreover,absorption spectroscopy measurements were carried out up to 37.9 GPa,revealing a~20%reduction in the energy band gap,mainly due to the shortened Eu-O bond lengths.The relationship between pressure and band gap demonstrates a nearly linear trend,with a slope of-0.013 eV/GPa.The findings of the present study imply that the studied sample demonstrates considerable robustness under extreme pressures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51871054 and U1930401)The XRD experiments were performed on beamline 15U1 of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)and on beamline 13 ID-D of GSECARS at the Advanced Photon Source(APS),Argonne National Laboratory(ANL),USA+2 种基金The use of beamline 13-ID-D at the APS was supported by the National Science Foundation(NSF)–Earth Sciences(Grant No.EAR-1634415)the Department of Energy(DOE)–GeoSciences(GrantNo.DEFG02-94ER14466)supported by the DOE Office of Science(Grant No.DE-AC02-06CH11357).
摘要A 4:1(volume ratio)methanol–ethanol(ME)mixture and silicone oil are two of the most widely used liquid pressure-transmitting media(PTM)in high-pressure studies.Their hydrostatic limits have been extensively studied using various methods;however,the evolution of the atomic structures associated with their emerging nonhydrostaticity remains unclear.Here,we monitor their structures as functions of pressure up to∼30 GPa at room temperature using in situ high-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction(XRD),optical micro-Raman spectroscopy,and ruby fluorescence spectroscopy in a diamond anvil cell.No crystallization is observed for either PTM.The pressure dependence of the principal diffraction peak position and width indicates the existence of a glass transition in the 4:1MEmixture at∼12 GPa and in the silicone oil at∼3 GPa,beyond which a pressure gradient emerges and grows quickly with pressure.There may be another liquid-to-liquid transition in the 4:1 ME mixture at∼5 GPa and two more glass-to-glass transitions in the silicone oil at∼10 GPa and∼16 GPa.By contrast,Raman signals only show peak weakening and broadening for typical structural disordering,and Raman spectroscopy seems to be less sensitive than XRD in catching these structural transitions related to hydrostaticity variations in both PTM.These results uncover rich pressure-induced transitions in the two PTM and clarify their effects on hydrostaticity with direct structural evidence.The high-pressure XRD and Raman data on the two PTM obtained in this work could also be helpful in distinguishing between signals from samples and those from PTM in future high-pressure experiments.
摘要Materials transform abruptly under compression,with their properties varying as strong functions of pressure.Advances in highpressure and probe technology have enabled experimental characterizations up to several hundred gigapascal(GPa).Studies in the physical sciences are now expanding to include a vast previously uncharted pressure region in which transformative ideas and discoveries are becoming commonplace.Matter and Radiation under Extremes(MRE)is taking advantage of this opportunity to provide a forum for publishing the finest peer-reviewed research in highpressure science and technology on the basis of its interdisciplinary interest,importance,timeliness,and surprising conclusions.This MRE HP Special Volume gathers together a set of contemporary perspectives,highlights,reviews,and research articles in multiple disciplines of high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials,and geoscience that illustrate both current and forthcoming trends in this exciting research area.
基金We thank the German Research Foundation(Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,DFG,Project Nos.DU954/11-1,DU393/13-1,DU393/9-2,andME5206/3-1)the Federal Ministry of Education and Research,Germany(BMBF,Grant No.05K19WC1)for financial support.T.M.thanks the Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research for financial support.F.T.thanks the Swedish Research Council(VR)(Grant No.2019-05600)D.L.thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for financial support.N.D.thanks the Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University(Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU No.200900971).
摘要Recent developments in in situ nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy under extreme conditions have led to the observation of a wide variety of physical phenomena that are not accessible with standard high-pressure experimental probes.However,inherent di-or quadrupolar line broadening in diamond anvil cell(DAC)-based NMR experiments often limits detailed investigation of local atomic structures,especially if different phases or local environments coexist.Here,we describe our progress in the development of high-resolutionNMRexperiments in DACs using one-and two-dimensional homonuclear decoupling experiments at pressures up to the megabar regime.Using this technique,spectral resolutions of the order of 1 ppm and below have been achieved,enabling high-pressure structural analysis.Several examples are presented that demonstrate the wide applicability of this method for extreme conditions research.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11422429 and 11421404the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant Nos 2012CB821402 and 2015CB921401+5 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No 2014M560288the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learningthe Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality of China under Grant No 15XD1500200HPCAT operations are supported by DOE-NNSA under Award No DE-NA0001974DOE-BES under Award No DE-FG02-99ER45775partial instrumentation funding by NSF
摘要We perform a series of high-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) and resistance measurements on the Weyl semimetal NbAs. The crystal structure remains stable up to 26 GPa according to the powder XRD data. The resistance of NbAs single crystal increases monotonically with pressure at low temperature. Up to 20 GPa, no superconducting transition is observed down to 0.3 K. These results show that the Weyl semimetal phase is robust in NbAs, and applying pressure may not be a good way to obtain a topological superconductor from Weyl semimetal NbAs.