Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE)模型因具有功能完善、使用方便等特点,近年在海洋生态系统管理和研究中得到越来越广泛的应用。基于相关案例,分析并总结了EwE模型应用于海洋生态系统研究与管理的技术要点:Ecopath模型的系统边界在空间上一般...Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE)模型因具有功能完善、使用方便等特点,近年在海洋生态系统管理和研究中得到越来越广泛的应用。基于相关案例,分析并总结了EwE模型应用于海洋生态系统研究与管理的技术要点:Ecopath模型的系统边界在空间上一般应包含系统主要物种的所有生境,在时间上应能体现主要物种的完整生命周期;通常需要将几个具有相似功能的物种合并成一个功能组来简化生态系统;模型参数设置的合理与否需结合生态系统实际加以判断,模型平衡更是需要遵循基本的生态学和热力学规则;使用生态网络方法比较不同模型时需对模型参数进行标准化处理;Ecosim模型对初始参数的变化非常敏感,利用Monte Carlo拟合程序可以有效解决输入参数的不确定性问题;模型建成后建议参照相关标准对模型质量进行定期校验。展开更多
Microplastics are a widely distributed pollutant that threatens the growth and health of marine organisms.Compared to the mainland,island ecosystems with unique characteristics are fragile and sensitive to natural and...Microplastics are a widely distributed pollutant that threatens the growth and health of marine organisms.Compared to the mainland,island ecosystems with unique characteristics are fragile and sensitive to natural and human interference.We investigated the characteristics and ecological risks of microplastics in the soils of Wuzhizhou Island,Hainan,China,and its surrounding nearshore sediments affected by human activities.Results show that the microplastic abundance in soil was 1116.67 items/kg;the particles were fragmented in size of less than 2 mm,the main polymer types were polypropylene(PP),polyethylene(PE),and polybutylene(PB),in transparent,gray,green,or white.The microplastic abundances in nearshore sediments of Wuzhizhou Island and the surrounding Haitang Bay were 274.67 and 755.17 items/kg,respectively;the particles were mainly fibrous,less than 1 mm in size,the main polymer types were rayon and polyethylene terephthalate(PET),mostly transparent.The abundance of microplastics showed a decreasing trend from shore to sea.Microplastics in the supratidal and intertidal zones differed in mainly the abundance and size.The microplastics in land soil were from tourism activities and infrastructure while the those in nearshore sediments came from not only tourism but also domestic sewage and fishing activities.The ecological risk of microplastics in the terrestrial soils of Wuzhizhou Island was higher than that in its surrounding nearshore sediments.These findings help to gain a deeper understanding of microplastic pollution in the island subjected to intensive human activities,and provide a scientific basis for subsequent in-situ toxicology research on microplastics and plastic pollution control.展开更多
【目的】通过分析棉花枯萎病菌的遗传多样性,探究新疆棉花枯萎病菌株的分群及其演化。【方法】2022年在新疆不同植棉区共分离出22株棉花枯萎病菌株,对延伸因子1α(elongation factor-1α,EF-1α)和β微管蛋白基因进行扩增、测序,并从美...【目的】通过分析棉花枯萎病菌的遗传多样性,探究新疆棉花枯萎病菌株的分群及其演化。【方法】2022年在新疆不同植棉区共分离出22株棉花枯萎病菌株,对延伸因子1α(elongation factor-1α,EF-1α)和β微管蛋白基因进行扩增、测序,并从美国国立生物技术信息中心(National Center for Biotechnology Information,NCBI)数据库获取36个棉花枯萎病菌株的相关基因序列信息。基于上述基因序列分别进行系统进化分析和单倍型分析。【结果】基于57条EF-1α基因序列的进化树分析表明,棉花枯萎病菌可分为3大群,第1大群包含来自新疆、河北和澳大利亚的共31个枯萎病菌株,该大群可分成4个亚群;第2大群包含25个枯萎病菌株,构成比较复杂,可分成3个亚群;第3大群仅包含美国菌株LA140。基于28条β微管蛋白基因序列的进化树分析表明,本次分离的新疆棉花枯萎病菌株与棉花枯萎病菌7号和8号生理小种不同。根据EF-1α基因序列构建的单倍型网络将棉花枯萎病菌株分为19个单倍型,新疆21个棉花枯萎病菌株归属于有共同起源的5种单倍型。【结论】本研究分离的新疆棉花枯萎病菌株与已报道的棉花枯萎病菌1~8号生理小种均不相同,但与河北菌株的亲缘关系较近。EF-1α单倍型分析表明,本研究中的所有棉花枯萎病菌均从1号生理小种演化而来。展开更多
摘要Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE)模型因具有功能完善、使用方便等特点,近年在海洋生态系统管理和研究中得到越来越广泛的应用。基于相关案例,分析并总结了EwE模型应用于海洋生态系统研究与管理的技术要点:Ecopath模型的系统边界在空间上一般应包含系统主要物种的所有生境,在时间上应能体现主要物种的完整生命周期;通常需要将几个具有相似功能的物种合并成一个功能组来简化生态系统;模型参数设置的合理与否需结合生态系统实际加以判断,模型平衡更是需要遵循基本的生态学和热力学规则;使用生态网络方法比较不同模型时需对模型参数进行标准化处理;Ecosim模型对初始参数的变化非常敏感,利用Monte Carlo拟合程序可以有效解决输入参数的不确定性问题;模型建成后建议参照相关标准对模型质量进行定期校验。
基金the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.422MS082)the Hainan Provincial Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(No.2021CXLH0009)+2 种基金the Funding Scheme for High-level Overseas Chinese Students’Return of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of China and ScienceOpen Project Program of Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute of Hainan Tropical Ocean University(No.2022RHDKFKT08)Technology Project of Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute of Hainan Tropical Ocean University(No.2022CXYZD002)。
摘要Microplastics are a widely distributed pollutant that threatens the growth and health of marine organisms.Compared to the mainland,island ecosystems with unique characteristics are fragile and sensitive to natural and human interference.We investigated the characteristics and ecological risks of microplastics in the soils of Wuzhizhou Island,Hainan,China,and its surrounding nearshore sediments affected by human activities.Results show that the microplastic abundance in soil was 1116.67 items/kg;the particles were fragmented in size of less than 2 mm,the main polymer types were polypropylene(PP),polyethylene(PE),and polybutylene(PB),in transparent,gray,green,or white.The microplastic abundances in nearshore sediments of Wuzhizhou Island and the surrounding Haitang Bay were 274.67 and 755.17 items/kg,respectively;the particles were mainly fibrous,less than 1 mm in size,the main polymer types were rayon and polyethylene terephthalate(PET),mostly transparent.The abundance of microplastics showed a decreasing trend from shore to sea.Microplastics in the supratidal and intertidal zones differed in mainly the abundance and size.The microplastics in land soil were from tourism activities and infrastructure while the those in nearshore sediments came from not only tourism but also domestic sewage and fishing activities.The ecological risk of microplastics in the terrestrial soils of Wuzhizhou Island was higher than that in its surrounding nearshore sediments.These findings help to gain a deeper understanding of microplastic pollution in the island subjected to intensive human activities,and provide a scientific basis for subsequent in-situ toxicology research on microplastics and plastic pollution control.
摘要【目的】通过分析棉花枯萎病菌的遗传多样性,探究新疆棉花枯萎病菌株的分群及其演化。【方法】2022年在新疆不同植棉区共分离出22株棉花枯萎病菌株,对延伸因子1α(elongation factor-1α,EF-1α)和β微管蛋白基因进行扩增、测序,并从美国国立生物技术信息中心(National Center for Biotechnology Information,NCBI)数据库获取36个棉花枯萎病菌株的相关基因序列信息。基于上述基因序列分别进行系统进化分析和单倍型分析。【结果】基于57条EF-1α基因序列的进化树分析表明,棉花枯萎病菌可分为3大群,第1大群包含来自新疆、河北和澳大利亚的共31个枯萎病菌株,该大群可分成4个亚群;第2大群包含25个枯萎病菌株,构成比较复杂,可分成3个亚群;第3大群仅包含美国菌株LA140。基于28条β微管蛋白基因序列的进化树分析表明,本次分离的新疆棉花枯萎病菌株与棉花枯萎病菌7号和8号生理小种不同。根据EF-1α基因序列构建的单倍型网络将棉花枯萎病菌株分为19个单倍型,新疆21个棉花枯萎病菌株归属于有共同起源的5种单倍型。【结论】本研究分离的新疆棉花枯萎病菌株与已报道的棉花枯萎病菌1~8号生理小种均不相同,但与河北菌株的亲缘关系较近。EF-1α单倍型分析表明,本研究中的所有棉花枯萎病菌均从1号生理小种演化而来。